甲基苯丙胺与气态亚硝酸反应形成亚硝胺,Drug Testing and Analysis

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甲基苯丙胺与气态亚硝酸反应形成亚硝胺
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-17 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.3048
Alexandra Mayer ₁ , Joel Rindelaub ₁ , Gordon M Miskelly ₁

Affiliation

甲基苯丙胺是全世界最常缉获的苯丙胺类兴奋剂 (ATS)。与使用或制造甲基苯丙胺有关的化学残留物可能会在空气和财产表面持续存在 5 年以上，并可能对公众的健康和安全构成风险。当对房屋进行污染测试时，测试的重点是表面甲基苯丙胺残留物的存在；但是，也可能存在其他危险化学品，包括甲基苯丙胺前体和反应产物。由于关于住宅内甲基苯丙胺老化的报道很少，目前关于其在此类环境中的归宿和/或降解产物存在很大的不确定性。如果甲基苯丙胺的室内反应性与尼古丁衍生的三手烟相似，致癌亚硝胺的产生是预期的结果。因此，这项概念验证研究调查了甲基苯丙胺与常见的气态室内氧化剂亚硝酸 (HONO) 的反应，并在模拟实验室实验中监测所得反应产物的命运，以进一步了解与受污染财产相关的潜在健康风险。观察到表面甲基苯丙胺残留量呈指数衰减，上限为 2.38 ± 0.5 × 10^-3 min ^-1暴露于 HONO 气体（5.7 ppmv，0.25 L min ^-1）。N-亚硝基甲基苯丙胺 (NMA) 是一种可疑的人类诱变剂和致癌物，在采样时间范围内被检测到具有稳态形成，其表面积浓度为 0.87 μg/100 cm ²，表明对公众健康的风险目前可能低估了受甲基苯丙胺污染的财产。

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Nitrosamine formation from the reaction of methamphetamine with gaseous nitrous acid

Methamphetamine is the most commonly seized amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) worldwide. Chemical residues associated with the use or manufacture of methamphetamine can persist in the air and surfaces in a property for over 5 years and potentially pose risks to the health and safety of the public. When a house is tested for contamination, the test focuses on the presence of surface methamphetamine residue; however, other hazardous chemicals may also be present, including methamphetamine precursors and reaction products. As little has been reported about the ageing of the methamphetamine inside dwellings, there is currently large uncertainty regarding its fate and/or degradation products in such environments. If the indoor reactivity of methamphetamine is similar to that of nicotine-derived third-hand smoke, the production of a carcinogenic nitrosamine is an expected result. Thus, this proof-of-concept study investigated the reaction of methamphetamine with the common gaseous indoor oxidant nitrous acid (HONO) and monitored the fate of the resulting reaction products in simulated laboratory experiments to further understand the potential health risks associated with contaminated properties. Surface methamphetamine residue was observed to decrease with an exponential decay with an upper limit of 2.38 ± 0.5 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹ upon exposure to HONO gas (5.7 ppmv, 0.25 L min⁻¹). N-nitrosomethamphetamine (NMA), a suspected human mutagen and carcinogen, was detected to have a steady-state formation over the sampling time frame, with a surface area concentration of 0.87 μg/100 cm², suggesting that the risks to public health for properties contaminated with methamphetamine may be currently underestimated.

更新日期：2021-04-17

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