Electrochemical Insight into the Sodium-Ion Storage Mechanism on a Hard Carbon Anode,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

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Electrochemical Insight into the Sodium-Ion Storage Mechanism on a Hard Carbon Anode
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03748
Xiaoyang Chen ₁ , Youlong Fang ₁ , Jiyu Tian ₁ , Haiyan Lu ₁ , Xinping Ai ₁ , Hanxi Yang ₁ , Yuliang Cao ₁

Affiliation

Hard carbon (HC) has been actively investigated as a high-capacity and low-cost anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs); however, its sodium-storage mechanism has remained controversial, which imposes great difficulties in the design and construction of better microstructured HC materials. To obtain a deeper understanding of the Na-storage mechanism, we comparatively investigated electrochemical behaviors of HC and graphite for Na- and Li-storage reactions. The experimental results reveal that the Na-storage reaction on HC at a low-potential plateau proceeds in a manner similar to the Li⁺-insertion reaction on graphite but very differently from the Li⁺-storage process on HC, suggesting that the Na-storage mechanism of HC at a low-voltage plateau operates through the Na⁺ intercalation into the graphitic layers for the formation of sodium–graphite intercalation compounds (Na–GICs) and is consistent with the “adsorption–intercalation” mechanism. Our work might provide new insight for designing better HC materials of high-energy density SIBs.

中文翻译：

硬质碳阳极上钠离子存储机理的电化学洞察

硬碳（HC）作为钠离子电池（SIB）的一种高容量，低成本的阳极材料已得到积极研究；然而，其钠存储机制仍存在争议，这在设计和构造更好的微结构HC材料方面存在很大的困难。为了更深入地了解Na储存机理，我们比较研究了HC和石墨对Na和Li储存反应的电化学行为。实验结果表明，低电位平台上HC的Na储存反应以类似于石墨上Li ⁺插入反应的方式进行，但与HC上Li ⁺储存过程非常不同，这表明Na-碳氢化合物在低压高原的存储机制通过Na⁺插层到石墨层中形成钠-石墨插层化合物（Na-GIC），并且与“吸附-插层”机制相一致。我们的工作可能会为设计更好的高能量密度SIB HC材料提供新的见解。

更新日期：2021-04-29

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