Microchimica Acta ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04807-z Han-Jung Ryu 1 , Won Kyu Lee 1 , Yoon Hyuck Kim 1 , Jae-Seung Lee 1
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Noble metal nanostructures with designed hot spots have been widely investigated as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active substrates, particularly for selective and sensitive detection of protein cancer markers. For specific target recognition and efficient signal amplification, SERS probe design requires a choice of SERS-active nanostructures as well as their controlled functionalization with Raman dyes and target recognition entities such as antibodies. However, the chemical conjugation of antibodies and Raman dyes to SERS substrates has rarely been discussed to date, despite their substantial roles in detection schemes. The interfacial interactions of metal nanostructures with functional ligands during conjugation are known to be strongly influenced by the various chemical and physical properties of the ligands, such as size, molecular weight, surface charge, 3-dimensional structures, and hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the design of SERS probes over the last 4 years, focusing on their conjugation chemistry for functionalization. A strong preference for covalent bonding is observed with Raman dyes having simpler molecular structures, whereas more complicated ones are non-covalently adsorbed. Antibodies are both covalently and non-covalently bonded to nanostructures, depending on their activity in the SERS probes. Considering that ligand conjugation is highly important for chemical stability, biocompatibility, and functionality of SERS probes, this review is expected to expand the understanding of their interfacial design, leading to SERS as one of the most promising spectroscopic analytical tools for the early detection of protein cancer markers.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
SERS 活性贵金属纳米结构与功能配体的界面相互作用，用于蛋白质癌症标志物的诊断分析
具有设计热点的贵金属纳米结构作为表面增强拉曼光谱 (SERS) 活性底物已被广泛研究，特别是用于选择性和灵敏地检测蛋白质癌症标志物。对于特定的目标识别和有效的信号放大，SERS 探针设计需要选择 SERS 活性纳米结构以及它们与拉曼染料和目标识别实体（如抗体）的受控功能化。然而，迄今为止很少讨论抗体和拉曼染料与 SERS 底物的化学偶联，尽管它们在检测方案中发挥着重要作用。已知金属纳米结构与功能配体在共轭过程中的界面相互作用受到配体的各种化学和物理性质的强烈影响，例如尺寸、分子量、表面电荷、3 维结构和亲水性/疏水性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了过去 4 年 SERS 探针设计的最新进展，重点是它们用于功能化的共轭化学。观察到分子结构更简单的拉曼染料对共价键的强烈偏好，而更复杂的则是非共价吸附的。抗体与纳米结构共价和非共价结合，这取决于它们在 SERS 探针中的活性。考虑到配体共轭对 SERS 探针的化学稳定性、生物相容性和功能性非常重要，本综述有望扩大对其界面设计的理解，
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