Soils under no-till (NT) in Brazil have been aimlessly chiseled mainly due to compaction symptoms. The impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) of these operations as well as the effects of more sustainable alternatives are still highly unknown. We hypothesized that the use of plants with deep root systems in the crop rotation could be a suitable alternative to mechanical chiseling for no-till fields. Thus, our objective in this study was to evaluate changes in SOC stocks, root development, and crop yield over time caused by mechanical and biological chiseling in a long-term no-till system (i.e., 18 years). The experiment was laid out as randomized blocks with four replicates and the treatments were as follows: 1) No-till system without any mechanical disturbance, cultivated with black oats + vetch in winter, here called “No-till cover crop (NT-CC)”. 2) No-till system with one mechanical disturbance through chiseling, also cultivated with black oats + vetch in winter, here called “No-till Mechanical Chiseling (NT-MC)”. 3) No-till without any mechanical disturbance cultivated with black oats + forage radish (Raphanus Sativus L.) instead of vetch, here called “No-till Biological Chiseling”. Compared to NT-CC, the use of NT-MC depleted the SOC stocks by -0.41 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. NT-MC also highly depleted proxies for microbial-related C pools such as hot-water and permanganate extractable C. It demonstrates the deleterious effects of the mechanical chiseling operations on the surface depths (0−30 cm depth) of our long-term no-till system and raises concerns about the use of these operations in highly weathered areas. On the other hand, the NT-BC promoted significantly higher sequestration rates of 1.29 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ (LSD test, p < 0.05). The NT-BC has also promoted significantly higher sequestration rates of proxies of microbial-related organic matter, and soybean and wheat root development (length and mass) than the other managements. For cumulative crop yield and biomass input, both NT-BC and NT-CC promoted significantly higher values than NT-MC during the four years of assessment. The root development of wheat and soybean significantly contributed to the increase of SOC stocks, observed by positive correlations (p < 0.01). The results demonstrated that the use of radish as an intercrop for alleviating soil compaction was a good alternative to replace mechanical chiseling in compacted NT fields due to its superior performance in increasing SOC stocks, promoting higher root development, and crop yield.

巴西的免耕（NT）耕种土壤已经漫无目的地进行凿土，主要是由于压实症状所致。这些操作对土壤有机碳（SOC）的影响以及更可持续的替代方法的影响仍是未知之数。我们假设在作物轮作中使用根系较深的植物可能是免耕田机械凿的合适替代方法。因此，我们在这项研究中的目标是评估长期免耕系统（即18年）中机械和生物凿造成的SOC储量，根系发育和农作物产量随时间的变化。实验以随机重复的块的形式进行，一式四份，处理方法如下：1）免耕系统，无任何机械干扰，冬季用黑燕麦+紫etch栽培，这里称为“免耕覆盖作物（NT-CC）”。 ）”。2）免耕系统，通过凿子产生一种机械干扰，冬季也用黑燕麦+紫cultivate栽培，这里称为“免耕机械凿子（NT-MC）”。3）免耕种植，没有任何机械干扰，黑燕麦+饲草萝卜（Raphanus Sativus L.）而不是v子，这里称为“免耕生物凿”。与NT-CC相比，NT-MC的使用使SOC库存减少了-0.41 Mg ha - ¹年^-1。NT-MC还显着减少了与微生物有关的C池的代理，例如热水和可提取高锰酸盐的C。它证明了机械凿操作对我们长期开采的表面深度（0-30厘米深度）的有害影响。 -耕作制度，并引起人们对在高风化地区使用这些作业的担忧。另一方面，NT-BC的封存率显着提高，为1.29 Mg ha - ¹年^-1（LSD检验，p ＜0.05）。与其他管理机构相比，NT-BC还促进了与微生物相关的有机物和大豆和小麦根系发育（长度和质量）代理的螯合率显着提高。对于累积的农作物产量和生物量输入，在评估的四年中，NT-BC和NT-CC均显着高于NT-MC。通过正相关观察到，小麦和大豆的根系发育显着促进了SOC储量的增加（p <0.01）。结果表明，由于萝卜在增加SOC储量，促进更高的根系发育和农作物产量方面具有卓越的性能，因此使用萝卜作为减轻土壤压实的农作物是替代压实NT田中机械凿的一个很好的选择。