单细胞红藻 Cyanidioschyzon merolae——光合真核生物的最简单模型,Plant & Cell Physiology

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单细胞红藻 Cyanidioschyzon merolae——光合真核生物的最简单模型
Plant & Cell Physiology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab052
Shin-ya Miyagishima ₁ , Kan Tanaka ₂

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几种单细胞真核藻类表现出相对简单的基因组和细胞结构。这些藻类的实验室培养物比植物生长得更快，并且通常提供暴露于几乎相同环境的同质细胞群。这些特性非常适合在细胞和亚细胞水平上进行实验。许多微藻谱系最近变得易于遗传，这已开始引发新的研究流。在这些藻类中，单细胞红藻 Cyanidioschyzon merolae 是最简单的生物；它拥有最少数量的膜细胞器，细胞核中只有4,775个蛋白质编码基因，其细胞周期进程可以与细胞周期高度同步。这些特性促进了细胞增殖的不同组学分析和细胞器之间细胞内关系的结构分析。C. merolae 细胞缺乏刚性细胞壁，因此相对容易被破坏，便于生化分析。通过高效的同源重组可以编辑多个染色体基因座。还开发了用于在细胞核中诱导/抑制表达转基因或内源基因以及用于叶绿体基因组修饰的程序。在这里，我们总结了 C. merolae 的特征和实验技术，并提供了使用这种藻类的研究示例。从这些研究中可以清楚地看出，C.

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The Unicellular Red Alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae—The Simplest Model of a Photosynthetic Eukaryote

Several species of unicellular eukaryotic algae exhibit relatively simple genomic and cellular architecture. Laboratory cultures of these algae grow faster than plants and often provide homogeneous cellular populations exposed to an almost equal environment. These characteristics are ideal for conducting experiments at the cellular and subcellular levels. Many microalgal lineages have recently become genetically tractable, which have started to evoke new streams of studies. Among such algae, the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae is the simplest organism; it possesses the minimum number of membranous organelles, only 4,775 protein-coding genes in the nucleus, and its cell cycle progression can be highly synchronized with the diel cycle. These properties facilitate diverse omics analyses of cellular proliferation and structural analyses of the intracellular relationship among organelles. C. merolae cells lack a rigid cell wall and are thus relatively easily disrupted, facilitating biochemical analyses. Multiple chromosomal loci can be edited by highly efficient homologous recombination. The procedures for the inducible/repressive expression of a transgene or an endogenous gene in the nucleus and for chloroplast genome modification have also been developed. Here, we summarize the features and experimental techniques of C. merolae and provide examples of studies using this alga. From these studies, it is clear that C. merolae—either alone or in comparative and combinatory studies with other photosynthetic organisms—can provide significant insights into the biology of photosynthetic eukaryotes.

更新日期：2021-04-08

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