The Unusual Photochromic and Hydrochromic Switching Behavior of Cellulose-Embedded 1,8-Naphthalimide-Viologen Derivatives in the Solid-State,Chemistry - A European Journal

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The Unusual Photochromic and Hydrochromic Switching Behavior of Cellulose-Embedded 1,8-Naphthalimide-Viologen Derivatives in the Solid-State
Chemistry - A European Journal ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100601
Zhimin Sun ₁ , Yanhai Ni ₁ , Thirumurugan Prakasam ₂ , Wenqi Liu ₃ , Huang Wu ₃ , Zhao Zhang ₁ , Haiting Di ₁ , Kim K Baldridge ₁ , Ali Trabolsi ₂ , Mark A Olson _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Stimuli-responsive chromic materials such as photochromics, hydrochromics, thermochromics, and electrochromics have a long history of capturing the attention of scientists due to their potential industrial applications and novelty in popular culture. However, hybrid chromic materials that combine two or more stimuli-triggered color changing properties are not so well known. Herein, we report a design strategy that has led to a series of emissive 1,8-naphthalimide-viologen dyads which exhibit unusual dual photochromic and hydrochromic switching behavior in the solid-state when embedded in a cellulose matrix. This behavior manifests as reversible solid state fluorescence hydrochromism upon changes in atmospheric relative humidity (RH), and reversible solid state photochromism upon generation of a cellulose-stabilized viologen radical cation. In this design strategy, the bipyridinium unit serves as both a water-sensitive receptor for the hydrochromic fluorophore-receptor system, and a photochromic group, capable of eliciting its own visible colorimetric response, generating a fluorescence quenching radical cation with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. These dyes can be inkjet-printed onto cellulose paper or drop-cast as cellulose powder-based films and can be unidirectionally cycled between three different states which can be characteristically visualized under UV light or visible light. The material's photochromism, hydrochromism, and underlying mechanism of action was investigated using computational analysis, dynamic vapor sorption/desorption isotherms, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and variable humidity UV-Vis adsorption and fluorescence spectroscopies.

中文翻译：

固态中嵌入纤维素的 1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺-紫精衍生物的异常光致变色和水致变色转换行为

光致变色、水致变色、热致变色和电致变色等刺激响应性变色材料因其潜在的工业应用和流行文化中的新颖性而吸引了科学家们的注意力由来已久。然而，结合两种或多种刺激触发的变色特性的混合变色材料并不为人所知。在此，我们报告了一种设计策略，该策略导致了一系列发光的 1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺-紫精二元组，当嵌入纤维素基质中时，它们在固态中表现出不寻常的双光致变色和水致变色切换行为。这种行为表现为大气相对湿度 (RH) 变化时的可逆固态荧光水致变色，以及纤维素稳定的紫罗碱自由基阳离子产生时的可逆固态光致变色。在这种设计策略中，联吡啶单元既作为水致变色荧光团受体系统的水敏受体，又作为光致变色基团，能够引发自身可见的比色反应，在长时间暴露于紫外线下产生荧光猝灭自由基阳离子。紫外线）光。这些染料可以喷墨印刷到纤维素纸上或滴铸成纤维素粉末基薄膜，并且可以在三种不同状态之间单向循环，这可以在紫外光或可见光下进行特征可视化。使用计算分析、动态蒸汽吸附/解吸等温线、电子顺磁共振光谱、

更新日期：2021-04-08

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