ZnFe₂O₄ (ZFO) spinel magnetic nanoparticles with a small particle size (11.2 nm) and large specific surface area (54.1 m²/g) are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method without the calcination process. ZFO-modified electrodes are first utilized for the simultaneous electrochemical trace detection of Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II), which show an outstanding linear response for Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II), and the limit of detection (LOD) is 1.61, 7.38, and 12.03 nM, respectively. Meanwhile, ZFO-modified electrodes exhibit excellent repeatability [relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.785%], reproducibility (RSD of 0.896%), stability (RSD of 3.240%), and anti-interference analysis, which is successfully applied to the real water environment. Moreover, the ZFO-modified electrode also exhibits a high sensitivity of 1160 μA mM^–1 cm^–2 and LOD of 0.8 μM for glucose. These results indicate that ZFO nanoparticles as a promising modified electrode material will be potentially applied in the field of electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ions and nonenzymatic glucose.

中文翻译：

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电化学法测定痕量Hg（II），Pb（II），Cu（II）和葡萄糖的ZnFe ₂ O ₄纳米颗粒

ZnFe ₂ O ₄（ZFO）尖晶石磁性纳米颗粒，粒径小（11.2 nm），比表面积大（54.1 m ^2）/ g）是通过一步水热法合成而无需煅烧过程。ZFO修饰的电极首先用于Hg（II），Pb（II）和Cu（II）的同时电化学痕量检测，显示出对Hg（II），Pb（II）和Cu（II）的出色线性响应II），检出限（LOD）分别为1.61、7.38和12.03 nM。同时，ZFO修饰电极具有出色的重复性[相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.785％]，重现性（RSD为0.896％），稳定性（RSD为3.240％）和抗干扰分析，已成功地应用于实际水环境。此外，ZFO修饰电极还具有1160μAmM ^–1 cm ^–2的高灵敏度。葡萄糖的LOD为0.8μM。这些结果表明，ZFO纳米粒子作为一种有前途的改性电极材料，将有可能应用于重金属离子和非酶葡萄糖的电化学传感器领域。