The synthesis of eco-friendly nanoparticles (NPs) is a crucial step in nanotechnology. In recent years, to avoid environmental contamination, many efforts have been made many efforts are made to develop green methods for this purpose. For this reason, natural resources including plant extract, fungi and bacteria have been used to synthesize NPs. Plant extract contains active compounds of terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, and vitamins that act as capping and reducing agents. The size, shape and applications of NPs are determined by the source from which they are manufactured. While active compounds of bacteria and fungi are intracellular enzymes, sugar molecules, canonical membrane proteins, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) dependent enzymes play a crucial part as reducing agents. The characterization of NPs can be done by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Crystallography (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. This review paper elaborates major natural resources with detailed mechanisms involved in NPs synthesis and their few applications in biomedical science, life science and electronics.

环保纳米颗粒（NPs）的合成是纳米技术中的关键一步。近年来，为了避免环境污染，为此做出了很多努力，为开发绿色方法做出了很多努力。因此，已使用包括植物提取物，真菌和细菌在内的自然资源来合成NP。植物提取物含有萜类化合物，生物碱，酚，单宁和维生素的活性化合物，可作为封端剂和还原剂。NP的大小，形状和用途取决于制造NP的来源。细菌和真菌的活性化合物是细胞内酶，糖分子，经典膜蛋白，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADH）和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）依赖性酶在还原剂中起着至关重要的作用。NP的表征可以通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），X射线晶体学（XRD），能量色散X射线光谱（EDX），扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外可见光谱。这篇综述论文详细阐述了主要的自然资源，以及参与NP合成的详细机制及其在生物医学，生命科学和电子领域的应用。透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外可见光谱。这篇综述论文详细阐述了主要的自然资源，以及参与NP合成的详细机制及其在生物医学，生命科学和电子领域的应用。透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外可见光谱。这篇综述论文详细阐述了主要的自然资源，以及参与NP合成的详细机制及其在生物医学，生命科学和电子领域的应用。