Lithium/graphite fluoride (Li/CF_x) batteries have attracted great attention because of the highest energy density among all commercially available lithium primary batteries. However, the inferior electrochemical performances at high discharge current densities impede their applications in high-power devices. Herein, we have found a novel and low-cost gaseous electrolyte additive BF₃ that can remarkably improve the rate capability of the Li/CF_x batteries. The CF_x (x=1.15) cathode in the carbonate electrolyte with 0.01M BF₃ additive can deliver a maximum power density of 23040 W kg⁻¹ with a high gravimetric energy density of 722.8 Wh kg⁻¹. By contrast, the CF_x cathodes in the electrolyte without additive can barely provide capacity at discharge rates above 5C. Such significant enhancement can be attributed to the ability of the BF₃ additive to dissolve the insulating discharge product LiF without passivating the cathode surface and impeding the intercalation of lithium ions. This work provides a way that enables Li/CF_x batteries to have an ultrahigh power density comparable to that of supercapacitors while maintaining high energy densities.

锂/氟化石墨（Li / CF _x）电池由于在所有市售锂一次电池中具有最高的能量密度而备受关注。然而，在高放电电流密度下较差的电化学性能阻碍了它们在大功率器件中的应用。在此，我们发现了一种新颖且低成本的气态电解质添加剂BF ₃，它可以显着提高Li / CF _x电池的倍率能力。具有0.01M BF ₃添加剂的碳酸盐电解质中的CF _x（x = 1.15）阴极可以提供23040 W kg ^-1的最大功率密度和722.8 Wh kg ^-1的高重力能量密度。相比之下，CF不含添加剂的电解质中的_x个阴极在放电率高于5C时几乎不能提供容量。这种显着增强可归因于BF ₃添加剂溶解绝缘放电产物LiF而不钝化阴极表面和阻止锂离子嵌入的能力。这项工作提供了一种使Li / CF _x电池具有与超级电容器相当的超高功率密度，同时又保持高能量密度的方式。