The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) is an economically important fruit crop that is intensively bred for improved sensory qualities. The diversity of fruit flavors and aromas in strawberry result mainly from the interactions of sugars, acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are derived from diverse biochemical pathways influenced by the expression of many genes. This study integrates multi-omics analyses to identify QTL and candidate genes for multiple aroma compounds in a complex strawberry breeding population. Novel fruit volatile QTL were discovered for methyl anthranilate, methyl 2-hexenoate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, mesifurane, and a shared QTL on Chr 3 was found for nine monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds, including linalool, 3-carene, β-phellandrene, α-limonene, linalool oxide, nerolidol, α-caryophellene, α-farnesene, and β-farnesene. Fruit transcriptomes from a subset of sixty-four individuals were used to support candidate gene identification. For methyl esters including the grape-like methyl anthranilate, a novel ANTHANILIC ACID METHYL TRANSFERASE–like gene was identified. Two mesifurane QTL correspond with the known biosynthesis gene O-METHYL TRANSFERASE 1 and a novel FURANEOL GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE. The shared terpene QTL contains multiple fruit-expressed terpenoid pathway-related genes including NEROLIDOL SYNTHASE 1 (FanNES1). The abundance of linalool and other monoterpenes is partially governed by a co-segregating expression-QTL (eQTL) for FanNES1 transcript variation, and there is additional evidence for quantitative effects from other terpenoid-pathway genes in this narrow genomic region. These QTL present new opportunities in breeding for improved flavor in commercial strawberry.

中文翻译：

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栽培草莓（Fragaria ×ananassa）中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、三呋喃、芳樟醇等风味物质的遗传分析


栽培草莓（Fragaria ×ananassa）是一种重要的经济水果作物，经过集约培育以提高感官品质。草莓中水果风味和香气的多样性主要来自于糖、酸和挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 的相互作用，这些化合物源自受许多基因表达影响的多种生化途径。这项研究整合了多组学分析，以确定复杂草莓育种群体中多种香气化合物的 QTL 和候选基因。发现了邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、2-己烯酸甲酯、2-甲基丁酸甲酯、甲西呋喃的新水果挥发性 QTL，并发现了 9 种单萜和倍半萜化合物（包括芳樟醇、3-蒈烯、β-水芹烯、α）在 Chr 3 上的共享 QTL。 -柠檬烯、芳樟醇氧化物、橙花叔醇、α-石竹烯、α-法呢烯和β-法呢烯。来自六十四个个体的果实转录组被用来支持候选基因的鉴定。对于包括葡萄样邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯在内的甲酯，鉴定出了一种新的类邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯基因。两个甲呋喃 QTL 对应于已知的生物合成基因 O-甲基转移酶 1 和一种新型呋喃葡萄糖基转移酶。共享萜烯 QTL 包含多个果实表达的萜类化合物途径相关基因，包括橙花醇合成酶 1 (FanNES1)。芳樟醇和其他单萜的丰度部分受 FanNES1 转录本变异的共分离表达 QTL (eQTL) 控制，并且有更多证据表明这一狭窄基因组区域中其他萜类化合物途径基因的定量效应。这些 QTL 为改良商业草莓风味的育种提供了新的机会。