The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) is an economically important fruit crop that is intensively bred for improved sensory qualities. The diversity of fruit flavors and aromas in strawberry result mainly from the interactions of sugars, acids, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are derived from diverse biochemical pathways influenced by the expression of many genes. This study integrates multi-omics analyses to identify QTL and candidate genes for multiple aroma compounds in a complex strawberry breeding population. Novel fruit volatile QTL were discovered for methyl anthranilate, methyl 2-hexenoate, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, mesifurane, and a shared QTL on Chr 3 was found for nine monoterpene and sesquiterpene compounds, including linalool, 3-carene, β-phellandrene, α-limonene, linalool oxide, nerolidol, α-caryophellene, α-farnesene, and β-farnesene. Fruit transcriptomes from a subset of sixty-four individuals were used to support candidate gene identification. For methyl esters including the grape-like methyl anthranilate, a novel ANTHANILIC ACID METHYL TRANSFERASE–like gene was identified. Two mesifurane QTL correspond with the known biosynthesis gene O-METHYL TRANSFERASE 1 and a novel FURANEOL GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE. The shared terpene QTL contains multiple fruit-expressed terpenoid pathway-related genes including NEROLIDOL SYNTHASE 1 (FanNES1). The abundance of linalool and other monoterpenes is partially governed by a co-segregating expression-QTL (eQTL) for FanNES1 transcript variation, and there is additional evidence for quantitative effects from other terpenoid-pathway genes in this narrow genomic region. These QTL present new opportunities in breeding for improved flavor in commercial strawberry.

中文翻译：

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草莓栽培中邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯，中呋喃，芳樟醇及其他风味物质的遗传分析

栽培草莓（Fragaria×ananassa）是一种经济上重要的水果作物，为了提高感官质量而进行了精养。草莓中水果风味和香气的多样性主要来自糖，酸和挥发性有机化合物（VOC）的相互作用，这些相互作用源自受许多基因表达影响的多种生化途径。这项研究整合了多组学分析，以鉴定复杂草莓育种种群中多种香气化合物的QTL和候选基因。发现了新的水果挥发性QTL，包括邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯，2-己酸甲酯，2-甲基丁酸甲酯，美西呋喃，并在Chr 3上发现了9种单萜和倍半萜化合物的共享QTL，包括芳樟醇，3-胡萝卜素，β-芹菜烯，α -柠檬烯，芳樟醇氧化物，nerolidol，α-石竹烯，α-法呢烯和β-法呢烯。来自64个个体的子集的水果转录组用于支持候选基因鉴定。对于包括葡萄般的邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯在内的甲酯，已鉴定出一种新的蒽甲酸甲基转移酶样基因。两个美呋喃QTL对应于已知的生物合成基因O-甲基转移酶1和新型呋喃醇葡萄糖基转移酶。共享的萜烯QTL包含多个与水果表达的类萜途径相关的基因，包括NEROLIDOL SYNTHASE 1（FanNES1）。芳樟醇和其他单萜的丰度在一定程度上受FanNES1转录变异的共分离表达QTL（eQTL）的支配，在此狭窄的基因组区域中，其他萜类途径基因的定量影响也有其他证据。