Abstract

Production and applications of difructose anhydride III (DFA-III) have attracted considerable attention because of its versatile physiological functions. Recently, large-scale production of DFA-III has been continuously explored, which opens a horizon for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This review updates recent advances involving DFA-III, including: biosynthetic strategies, purification, and large-scale production of DFA-III; physiological functions of DFA-III and related mechanisms; DFA-III safety evaluations; present applications in food systems, existing problems, and further research prospects. Currently, enzymatic synthesis of DFA-III has been conducted both industrially and in academic research. Two biosynthetic strategies for DFA-III production are summarized: single- and double enzyme-mediated. DFA-III purification is achieved via yeast fermentation. Enzyme membrane bioreactors have been applied to meet the large-scale production demands for DFA-III. In addition, the primary physiological functions of DFA-III and their underlying mechanisms have been proposed. However, current applications of DFA-III are limited. Further research regarding DFA-III should focus on commercial production and purification, comprehensive study of physiological properties, extensive investigation of large-scale human experiments, and expansion of industrial applications. It is worthy to dig deep into potential application and commercial value of DFA-III.

摘要

二果糖酐III（DFA-III）的生产和应用因其广泛的生理功能而备受关注。最近，DFA-III的大规模生产不断探索，这为食品和制药行业的应用开辟了前景。本综述更新了涉及 DFA-III 的最新进展，包括：DFA-III 的生物合成策略、纯化和大规模生产；DFA-III的生理功能及相关机制；DFA-III 安全评估；目前在食品系统中的应用、存在的问题和进一步的研究前景。目前，DFA-III的酶促合成已在工业和学术研究中进行。总结了 DFA-III 生产的两种生物合成策略：单酶介导和双酶介导。DFA-III 纯化是通过酵母发酵实现的。酶膜生物反应器已应用于满足 DFA-III 的大规模生产需求。此外，还提出了 DFA-III 的主要生理功能及其潜在机制。然而，DFA-III 目前的应用是有限的。DFA-III的进一步研究应集中在商业生产和纯化、生理特性的综合研究、大规模人体实验的广泛研究和工业应用的扩展。DFA-III的潜在应用和商业价值值得深入挖掘。已经提出了 DFA-III 的主要生理功能及其潜在机制。然而，DFA-III 目前的应用是有限的。DFA-III的进一步研究应集中在商业生产和纯化、生理特性的综合研究、大规模人体实验的广泛研究和工业应用的扩展。DFA-III的潜在应用和商业价值值得深入挖掘。已经提出了 DFA-III 的主要生理功能及其潜在机制。然而，DFA-III 目前的应用是有限的。DFA-III的进一步研究应集中在商业生产和纯化、生理特性的综合研究、大规模人体实验的广泛研究和工业应用的扩展。DFA-III的潜在应用和商业价值值得深入挖掘。