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Removal of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Using Ion-Exchange and Nonionic Resins
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00769 Yida Fang 1 , Anderson Ellis 1 , Youn Jeong Choi 1 , Treavor H. Boyer 2 , Christopher P. Higgins 1 , Charles E. Schaefer 3 , Timothy J. Strathmann 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00769 Yida Fang 1 , Anderson Ellis 1 , Youn Jeong Choi 1 , Treavor H. Boyer 2 , Christopher P. Higgins 1 , Charles E. Schaefer 3 , Timothy J. Strathmann 1
Affiliation
Despite benefits to the firefighting industry, the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) into aquatic systems poses significant risks to human health and other organisms. While anion-exchange technologies have proven to be effective for removing perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from water, their effectiveness for removing the diverse PFAS structures discovered in AFFF remains unknown. Here, we report on the adsorption of 75 PFASs, including 63 polyfluorinated substances, in a diluted AFFF mixture using 14 commercially available ion-exchange (IX)/nonionic resins and granular activated carbon (GAC). Results showed that anion-exchange resins (AERs) exhibited significant adsorption of PFASs compared to cation-exchange resins (CERs), nonionic resins (NIRs), and GAC regardless of the PFAS’s predicted charge. Isotherm data showed that macroporous AERs have a higher PFAS adsorption capacity compared to gel-type AERs. Cross-correlation comparison of PFAS/Cl– selectivity coefficients (Kex) for each PFAS–AER combination showed that the hydrophobicity of the AER functional group, and polymer matrix played a dominant role in determining resin affinity for PFASs. PFAS structural characteristics also significantly affected adsorption, with increasing chain length and a net negative charge increasing the extent of adsorption. Results from this study provide guidelines for the selection of resins to adsorb a wider range of PFASs and meaningful insights for the development of quantitative models for IX treatment of AFFF-impacted water.
中文翻译:
使用离子交换和非离子树脂去除水性成膜泡沫(AFFF)中的全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)
尽管对消防行业有利,但全氟烷基物质和全氟烷基物质从水性成膜泡沫(AFFF)释放到水生系统中对人类健康和其他生物构成了重大风险。尽管已证明阴离子交换技术可有效去除水中的全氟烷基酸(PFAAs),但其去除AFFF中发现的各种PFAS结构的效果仍然未知。在这里,我们报告了使用14种市售离子交换(IX)/非离子树脂和粒状活性炭(GAC)在稀释的AFFF混合物中吸附75种PFAS(包括63种多氟化物)的情况。结果表明,与阳离子交换树脂(CER),非离子树脂(NIR)相比,阴离子交换树脂(AER)表现出对PFAS的显着吸附,和GAC,而不考虑PFAS的预计费用。等温线数据显示,与凝胶型AER相比,大孔AER具有更高的PFAS吸附能力。PFAS / Cl的互相关比较–每种PFAS-AER组合的选择性系数(K ex)表明,AER官能团和聚合物基质的疏水性在确定树脂对PFAS的亲和力方面起主要作用。PFAS的结构特征也显着影响吸附,链长度增加,净负电荷增加吸附程度。这项研究的结果为选择吸附更广泛的PFAS的树脂提供了指导,并为开发用于IX处理AFFF的水的定量模型的开发提供了有意义的见解。
更新日期:2021-04-20
中文翻译:
使用离子交换和非离子树脂去除水性成膜泡沫(AFFF)中的全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)
尽管对消防行业有利,但全氟烷基物质和全氟烷基物质从水性成膜泡沫(AFFF)释放到水生系统中对人类健康和其他生物构成了重大风险。尽管已证明阴离子交换技术可有效去除水中的全氟烷基酸(PFAAs),但其去除AFFF中发现的各种PFAS结构的效果仍然未知。在这里,我们报告了使用14种市售离子交换(IX)/非离子树脂和粒状活性炭(GAC)在稀释的AFFF混合物中吸附75种PFAS(包括63种多氟化物)的情况。结果表明,与阳离子交换树脂(CER),非离子树脂(NIR)相比,阴离子交换树脂(AER)表现出对PFAS的显着吸附,和GAC,而不考虑PFAS的预计费用。等温线数据显示,与凝胶型AER相比,大孔AER具有更高的PFAS吸附能力。PFAS / Cl的互相关比较–每种PFAS-AER组合的选择性系数(K ex)表明,AER官能团和聚合物基质的疏水性在确定树脂对PFAS的亲和力方面起主要作用。PFAS的结构特征也显着影响吸附,链长度增加,净负电荷增加吸附程度。这项研究的结果为选择吸附更广泛的PFAS的树脂提供了指导,并为开发用于IX处理AFFF的水的定量模型的开发提供了有意义的见解。