From Unavoidable CO2 Source to CO2 Sink? A Cement Industry Based on CO2 Mineralization,Environmental Science & Technology

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From Unavoidable CO2 Source to CO2 Sink? A Cement Industry Based on CO2 Mineralization
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-18 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07599
Hesam Ostovari ₁ , Leonard Müller ₁ , Jan Skocek ₂ , André Bardow _{1,

3,

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Affiliation

The cement industry emits 7% of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing the GHG emissions of the cement industry is challenging since cement production stoichiometrically generates CO₂ during calcination of limestone. In this work, we propose a pathway towards a carbon-neutral cement industry using CO₂ mineralization. CO₂ mineralization converts CO₂ into a thermodynamically stable solid and byproducts that can potentially substitute cement. Hence, CO₂ mineralization could reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry via two mechanisms: (1) capturing and storing CO₂ from the flue gas of the cement plant, and (2) reducing clinker usage by substituting cement. However, CO₂ mineralization also generates GHG emissions due to the energy required for overcoming the slow reaction kinetics. We, therefore, analyze the carbon footprint of the combined CO₂ mineralization and cement production based on life cycle assessment. Our results show that combined CO₂ mineralization and cement production using today’s energy mix could reduce the carbon footprint of the cement industry by 44% or even up to 85% considering the theoretical potential. Low-carbon energy or higher blending of mineralization products in cement could enable production of carbon-neutral blended cement. With direct air capture, the blended cement could even become carbon-negative. Thus, our results suggest that developing processes and products for combined CO₂ mineralization and cement production could transform the cement industry from an unavoidable CO₂ source to a CO₂ sink.

中文翻译：

从不可避免的CO ₂源到CO ₂汇？基于CO ₂矿化的水泥工业

水泥行业的排放量占全球人为温室气体（GHG）排放量的7％。减少水泥工业的温室气体排放是具有挑战性的，因为水泥生产在石灰石煅烧过程中化学计量地产生了CO ₂。在这项工作中，我们提出了使用CO ₂矿化的碳中和水泥工业的途径。CO ₂矿化作用将CO ₂转化为热力学稳定的固体和副产物，可以潜在地替代水泥。因此，CO ₂矿化可以通过两种机制减少水泥行业的碳足迹：（1）捕获和储存CO ₂（2）通过替代水泥减少熟料的使用。然而，由于克服缓慢的反应动力学所需的能量，CO ₂矿化也产生了温室气体排放。因此，我们基于生命周期评估分析了CO ₂矿化和水泥生产相结合的碳足迹。我们的结果表明，合并的CO ₂考虑到理论潜力，使用当今的能源组合进行矿化和水泥生产可以使水泥行业的碳足迹减少44％，甚至减少85％。低碳能源或水泥中矿化产品的更高掺合量可以实现碳中和的掺合水泥的生产。通过直接收集空气，混合的水泥甚至可以变成负碳。因此，我们的结果表明，开发将CO ₂矿化和水泥生产相结合的工艺和产品可以将水泥行业从不可避免的CO ₂来源转变为CO ₂汇。

更新日期：2021-04-20

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