用于燃料重整和制氢的钯合金膜反应器：综述,Energy & Fuels

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用于燃料重整和制氢的钯合金膜反应器：综述
Energy & Fuels ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-19 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c04352
Mohamed A. Habib _{1,

2} , Aadesh Harale ₃ , Stephen Paglieri ₃ , Firas S. Alrashed ₃ , Abduljabar Al-Sayoud ₁ , Manga Venkateswara Rao ₄ , Medhat A. Nemitallah ₁ , Shorab Hossain ₁ , Muzafar Hussien ₁ , Asif Ali ₁ , M. A. Haque ₁ , Ahmed Abuelyamen ₁ , Mohammad Raghib Shakeel ₁ , Esmail M. A. Mokheimer ₁ , Rached Ben-Mansour ₁

Affiliation

氢有可能成为清洁的能源载体，燃烧后仅排放水，并且可以由多种原料生产。氢在常规燃烧系统中具有更好的燃烧特性，与燃料电池一起使用时具有更高的能源效率。目前，主要使用化石燃料作为原料通过蒸汽甲烷重整工艺生产超过7500万吨的氢气。蒸汽甲烷重整是生产氢气以及与CO ₂结合使用的成熟技术捕获可以帮助应对气候挑战。无机钯（Pd）膜由于其稳定性和对氢的高选择性而具有巨大的分离氢的潜力。在这篇综述中，讨论了几种制备钯合金膜的方法，并就膜的稳定性和氢的选择性进行了比较。这些方法包括化学镀（ELP），化学气相沉积（CVD），物理气相沉积（PVD）和电镀沉积（EPD）。介绍并比较了氢在不同的Pd基合金膜中的渗透性。在本综述中，重点放在了Pd-Ag，Pd-Cu，Pd-Au和Pd-Ru合金上。杂质（H ₂ S，CO，O ₂和CO _2的影响）还研究了不同Pd基合金膜的性能。此外，根据文献中的大量实验和数值研究，考虑了不同的膜反应器设计，详细研究了使用Pd膜反应器进行燃料重整和H ₂生产的主题：轴流管式，径向流管式，轴流式球形，填充床，流化床和浆液鼓泡塔。比较了此类反应器中用于生产氢气的Pd膜的性能，并比较了温度，压力，H ₂ O / CH _4的影响比率，和停留时间对重整器性能也进行了研究。最后，对计算方法，特别是密度泛函理论（DFT）的使用，以补充用于研究H及其同位素在不同金属中的扩散的完善的实验方法，进行了综述。审查总结了对将来使Pd膜反应器达到商业化制氢所需水平的一些见解。

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Palladium-Alloy Membrane Reactors for Fuel Reforming and Hydrogen Production: A Review

Hydrogen has a potential to be a clean energy carrier that emits only water after combustion and can be produced from diverse feedstocks. Hydrogen has much better combustion characteristics in conventional combustion systems and higher energy efficiency when used with fuel cells. More than 75 million tons of hydrogen are currently produced primarily using fossil fuels as feedstock via steam methane reforming processes. Steam methane reforming is the mature technology for producing hydrogen and when coupled with CO₂ capture can help address climate challenges. Inorganic palladium (Pd) membranes have demonstrated great potential to separate hydrogen due to their stability and high selectivity for hydrogen. In this review, several methods of fabricating Pd-alloy membranes are discussed and compared in terms of membrane stability and selectivity of hydrogen. Such methods include electroless plating (ELP), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and electroplating deposition (EPD). The permeability of hydrogen in different Pd-based alloy membranes are presented and compared. Focus has been made, in this review, on Pd–Ag, Pd–Cu, Pd–Au, and Pd–Ru alloys. The effects of impurities (H₂S, CO, O₂, and CO₂) on performance of different Pd-based alloy membranes are also investigated. Moreover, the subject of using Pd-membrane reactors for fuel reforming and H₂ production is investigated in detail based on numerous experimental and numerical studies in the literature, considering different membrane reactor designs: axial-flow tubular, radial-flow tubular, axial-flow spherical, packed-bed, fluidized bed, and slurry bubble column. The performance of Pd-membranes in such reactors for hydrogen production is compared, and the effects of temperature, pressure, H₂O/CH₄ ratio, and residence time on reformer performance are also investigated. Finally, the use of computational methods, particularly, density functional theory (DFT), to complement well-established experimental methods for studying the diffusion of H and its isotopes in different metals is reviewed. The review concludes with some insights into future work to bring Pd-membrane reactors to the level required for hydrogen production at the commercial level.

更新日期：2021-04-01

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