The one-step antisolvent approach is a widely employed method for fabricating perovskite devices at a low cost. However, the current antisolvent approach requires a strict set of processing conditions to obtain high-quality perovskite layers. Here, we introduce sulfolane as an additive in the perovskite precursor to convert the perovskite phase via a new reaction route, providing a large degree of flexibility to process crystalline perovskite layers with high uniformity on a large scale. As it is revealed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy findings, we find that the key concept lies in intermolecular hydrogen-bonding forces’ interaction between sulfolane and methylammonium iodide, which slows down the nucleation and subsequently the crystallization process. As a result, we demonstrate a mini module, 36.6 cm² active area, and achieve a record PCE of 16.06%. More importantly, the encapsulated mini module retained about 90% of the initial performance after operating at the maximum power point under simulated AM1.5G irradiation for 250 h at 50°C.

一步式反溶剂法是一种低成本制造钙钛矿器件的广泛采用的方法。但是，当前的抗溶剂方法需要严格的一组处理条件才能获得高质量的钙钛矿层。在这里，我们在钙钛矿前体中引入环丁砜作为添加剂，以通过新的反应路线转化钙钛矿相，为大规模加工具有高均匀度的结晶钙钛矿层提供了很大的灵活性。正如通过X射线衍射和傅立叶变换红外光谱学发现所揭示的那样，我们发现关键概念在于环丁砜与甲基碘化铵之间的分子间氢键合力相互作用，这减慢了成核过程以及随后的结晶过程。结果，我们演示了一个36.6厘米的迷你模块^2个活跃区域，并实现创纪录的PCE达到16.06％。更重要的是，在50°C的模拟AM1.5G辐照下在最大功率点下运行250小时后，封装的微型模块保留了约90％的初始性能。