有氧光养生物需要 ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶 (Z-ISO) 来合成胡萝卜素：节旋藻和眼虫的功能分析,Plant & Cell Physiology

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有氧光养生物需要 ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶 (Z-ISO) 来合成胡萝卜素：节旋藻和眼虫的功能分析
Plant & Cell Physiology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-08 , DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz192
Kenjiro Sugiyama ₁ , Koh Takahashi ₁ , Keisuke Nakazawa ₁ , Masaharu Yamada ₁ , Shota Kato ₂ , Tomoko Shinomura ₂ , Yoshiki Nagashima ₃ , Hideyuki Suzuki ₃ , Takeshi Ara ₄ , Jiro Harada ₅ , Shinichi Takaichi ₆

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对于胡萝卜素生成，从八氢番茄红素到番茄红素的两种生物合成途径是已知的。大多数细菌和真菌只需要八氢番茄红素去饱和酶 (CrtI)，而陆生植物则需要四种酶：八氢番茄红素去饱和酶 (PDS, CrtP)、ζ-胡萝卜素去饱和酶 (ZDS、CrtQ)、ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶 (Z-ISO) 和顺式-胡萝卜素异构酶（CrtISO、CrtH）。编码 Z-ISO 的基因仅在拟南芥和玉蜀黍这两个物种中进行了功能鉴定，而在其他生物体中的研究很少。在本研究中，我们发现节旋藻 Z-ISO 和眼虫 Z-ISO 的推导氨基酸序列分别与拟南芥的功能性 Z-ISO 具有 58% 和 62% 的同一性。我们研究了来自蓝藻节旋藻和真核微藻 Euglena gracilis 的 Z-ISO 基因的功能。将节旋藻和眼虫的 Z-ISO 基因转化到大肠杆菌菌株中，该菌株在黑暗中主要产生 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-胡萝卜素。在黑暗条件下培养的大肠杆菌转化体中，9,9'-di-cis-ζ-胡萝卜素主要以 Z-ISO 的形式在拟南芥中积累。这表明 Z-ISO 基因参与了 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-胡萝卜素在黑暗中异构化为 9,9'-di-cis-ζ-胡萝卜素。这是 Z-ISO 作为 ζ-胡萝卜素异构酶在蓝藻和真核微藻中的首次功能分析。绿硫细菌和氯酸杆菌也使用CrtP、CrtQ和CrtH作为蓝细菌合成番茄红素，但它们的基因组不包含Z-ISO基因。因此，在含氧光养生物中需要 Z-ISO，而在无氧物种中则没有。

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Oxygenic Phototrophs Need ζ-Carotene Isomerase (Z-ISO) for Carotene Synthesis: Functional Analysis in Arthrospira and Euglena

For carotenogenesis, two biosynthetic pathways from phytoene to lycopene are known. Most bacteria and fungi require only phytoene desaturase (CrtI), whereas land plants require four enzymes: phytoene desaturase (PDS, CrtP), ζ-carotene desaturase (ZDS, CrtQ), ζ-carotene isomerase (Z-ISO), and cis-carotene isomerase (CrtISO, CrtH). The gene encoding Z-ISO has been functionally identified in only two species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays, and has been little studied in other organisms. In this study, we found that the deduced amino acid sequences of Arthrospira Z-ISO and Euglena Z-ISO have 58% and 62% identity, respectively, with functional Z-ISO from Arabidopsis. We studied the function of Z-ISO genes from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and eukaryotic microalga Euglena gracilis. The Z-ISO genes of Arthrospira and Euglena were transformed into Escherichia coli strains that produced mainly 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-carotene in darkness. In the resulting E. coli transformants cultured under darkness, 9,9'-di-cis-ζ-carotene was accumulated predominantly as Z-ISO in Arabidopsis. This indicates that the Z-ISO genes were involved in the isomerization of 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-carotene to 9,9'-di-cis-ζ-carotene in darkness. This is the first functional analysis of Z-ISO as a ζ-carotene isomerase in cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae. Green sulfur bacteria and Chloracidobacterium also use CrtP, CrtQ, and CrtH for lycopene synthesis as cyanobacteria, but their genomes did not contain Z-ISO genes. Consequently, Z-ISO is needed in oxygenic phototrophs, whereas it is not found in anoxygenic species.

更新日期：2019-10-08

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