Varied initiatives for religious revival and reform emerged throughout the 18th century in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam; each had a significant impact on its religious community and also contributed to lasting cultural, social, and political change. This introductory essay argues for the importance of early modern religious renewal for understanding transformations in 18th-century life, culture, and thought. Due to their critical roles in society, religious renewal and reform should be considered as key factors for change at the threshold of modernity rather than counters to modernization.

中文翻译：

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宗教复兴与改革时期的18世纪

整个18世纪，犹太教，基督教和伊斯兰教派出了各种复兴和改革宗教的倡议；每一个都对其宗教社区产生了重大影响，也为持久的文化，社会和政治变革做出了贡献。这篇介绍性文章主张早期现代宗教更新对于理解18世纪生活，文化和思想的转变的重要性。由于宗教更新和改革在社会中的关键作用，应将其视为在现代性的门槛而不是在现代化的对立面上进行变革的关键因素。