<br>肽聚糖：结构、合成和调控,EcoSal Plus

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肽聚糖：结构、合成和调控
EcoSal Plus Pub Date : 2021-01-20 , DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0010-2020
Shambhavi Garde _{1,

2} , Pavan Kumar Chodisetti _{1,

2} , Manjula Reddy ₂

Affiliation

肽聚糖是细菌细胞壁的一个决定性特征。肽聚糖最初被确定为革命性 β-内酰胺抗生素的靶标，但由于其生物学、发现新抗生素靶标的潜力及其在感染中的作用，肽聚糖已成为人们广泛关注的课题。肽聚糖是一种大聚合物，在细菌细胞质膜周围形成网状支架。肽聚糖的合成在细菌细胞周期的几个阶段至关重要：对于细胞伸长期间支架的扩张以及细胞分裂期间隔膜的形成。这是一个复杂的多因素过程，包括在细胞质中形成单体前体、将其转运到周质以及聚合形成功能性肽聚糖球囊。这些过程需要时空调节才能成功组装坚固的球囊，以保护细胞免受膨胀并确定细胞形状。一个世纪的研究揭示了肽聚糖生物学的基础，最近采用先进技术的研究为控制肽聚糖合成的分子相互作用提供了新的线索。在这里，我们描述了杆状细菌（特别是大肠杆菌）的肽聚糖结构、合成和调节，以及沙门氏菌和其他不同生物体的一些例子。我们专注于肽聚糖球囊伸长的途径，特别强调过去十年的发现，这些发现塑造了我们对肽聚糖生物学的理解。

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Peptidoglycan: Structure, Synthesis, and Regulation

Peptidoglycan is a defining feature of the bacterial cell wall. Initially identified as a target of the revolutionary beta-lactam antibiotics, peptidoglycan has become a subject of much interest for its biology, its potential for the discovery of novel antibiotic targets, and its role in infection. Peptidoglycan is a large polymer that forms a mesh-like scaffold around the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Peptidoglycan synthesis is vital at several stages of the bacterial cell cycle: for expansion of the scaffold during cell elongation and for formation of a septum during cell division. It is a complex multifactorial process that includes formation of monomeric precursors in the cytoplasm, their transport to the periplasm, and polymerization to form a functional peptidoglycan sacculus. These processes require spatio-temporal regulation for successful assembly of a robust sacculus to protect the cell from turgor and determine cell shape. A century of research has uncovered the fundamentals of peptidoglycan biology, and recent studies employing advanced technologies have shed new light on the molecular interactions that govern peptidoglycan synthesis. Here, we describe the peptidoglycan structure, synthesis, and regulation in rod-shaped bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, with a few examples from Salmonella and other diverse organisms. We focus on the pathway of peptidoglycan sacculus elongation, with special emphasis on discoveries of the past decade that have shaped our understanding of peptidoglycan biology.

更新日期：2021-01-20

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