Abstract

Escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) is among the most currently used antidepressant drugs. This study aimed to determine ESC-OX in human urine and different pharmaceutical dosage forms via the electrochemical method. The electrochemical behavior of ESC-OX was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques at hanging mercury dropping electrode (HMDE). The maximum reduction potential was determined to be − 0.55 and − 0.57 V at pH 6.5 in a cell containing 5% (v/v) methanol and 0.3 M KCl. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of the cathodic peak current versus the concentration was linear in the range of 4.143–29.0 µg mL⁻¹. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 1.15 µg mL⁻¹ and 1.31 µg mL⁻¹, 3.490 µg mL⁻¹ and 3.97 µg mL⁻¹ for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. The investigation of electrochemical reduction of ESC-OX on the HDME by using CV resulted in a quasi-reversibility, mainly diffusion-controlled reaction that involves a four-electron reduction of the nitrile group. For analytical purposes, a stable and well-defined peak was obtained in DPV mode. The average accuracy was found to be 101.60% ± 0.48 and 99.72% ± 5.64 for pharmaceutical and urine samples, respectively. Moreover, the developed method was precise with RSD % below 2% for both samples. The validation of the developed method was carried out as stated in the ICH Q2(R) 1 guideline. The proposed technique was effectively utilized for the determination of ESC-OX in different pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples. Neither excipients nor endogenous substances have electroactive interferences.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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悬挂式汞滴电极研究草酸艾司西酞普兰的电化学行为及其在人尿和药物中的测定

摘要

草酸依西酞普兰（ESC-OX）是目前最常用的抗抑郁药。这项研究旨在通过电化学方法测定人尿和不同药物剂型中的ESC-OX。使用循环伏安法（CV）和微分脉冲伏安法（DPV）技术研究了悬挂汞滴电极（HMDE）上ESC-OX的电化学行为。在含有5％（v / v）甲醇和0.3 M KCl的电池中，在pH值为6.5时，最大还原电位确定为-0.55和-0.57V。在最佳条件下，阴极峰值电流与浓度的校准曲线在4.143–29.0 µg mL ^-1范围内呈线性。发现LOD和LOQ为1.15 µg mL ^-1和1.31 µg mL ^-1，3.490 µg mL ^-1和3.97 µg mL ^-1分别用于药物和尿液样品。使用CV对HDME上的ESC-OX进行电化学还原的研究导致了准可逆性，主要是扩散控制的反应，其中包括腈基的四电子还原。出于分析目的，在DPV模式下获得了稳定且定义明确的峰。药物和尿液样品的平均准确度分别为101.60％±0.48和99.72％±5.64。此外，所开发的方法非常精确，两个样品的RSD％均低于2％。如ICH Q2（R）1指南所述，对开发​​的方法进行了验证。所提出的技术被有效地用于测定不同药物制剂和尿液样品中的ESC-OX。

图形摘要