Ideology shapes militant recruitment, organization, and conflict behavior. Existing research assumes doctrinal consistency, top-down socialization of adherents, and clear links between formal ideology and political action. But it has long been recognized that ideological commitments do not flow unaltered from overarching cleavages or elite narratives; they are uneven, contingent, fraught with tension, and often ambivalent. What work does ideology do in militant groups if it is not deeply studied, internalized, or sincerely believed? How can scholars explain collective commitment, affinity, and behavioral outcomes among militants who clearly associate themselves with a group, but who may not consistently (or ever) be true believers or committed ideologues? I argue that practical ideologies—sets of quotidian principles, ideas, and social heuristics that reflect relational worldviews rather than specific published political doctrines, positions, platforms, or plans—play a key role in militant socialization through everyday practices. Ethnographic evidence gained from fieldwork among Palestinians in Lebanon demonstrates how militants and affiliates render ideas about ideological closeness and distance accessible through emotional, intellectual, and moral appeals. This approach reaffirms the role of discourse and narrative in creating informal mechanisms of militant socialization without expressly invoking formal doctrine.

中文翻译：

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激进组织的实践意识形态

意识形态塑造了激进的招募、组织和冲突行为。现有研究假设教义一致性、追随者自上而下的社会化以及正式意识形态和政治行动之间的明确联系。但人们早就认识到，意识形态承诺并非一成不变地源于总体分歧或精英叙事。它们是不平衡的、偶然的、充满紧张的，而且常常是矛盾的。如果意识形态没有被深入研究、内化或真诚地相信，它在激进组织中会起到什么作用？学者们如何解释激进分子的集体承诺、亲和力和行为结果？他们清楚地将自己与一个群体联系在一起，但他们可能并不始终（或永远）是真正的信徒或坚定的理论家？我认为实用的意识形态——一套日常的原则、想法、反映关系世界观而不是特定的已发表政治学说、立场、平台或计划的社会启发法——通过日常实践在激进的社会化中发挥关键作用。从黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦人的实地调查中获得的人种学证据表明，武装分子和附属机构如何通过情感、智力和道德诉求来传达关于意识形态接近和距离的想法。这种方法重申了话语和叙述在创建激进社会化的非正式机制中的作用，而没有明确援引正式的学说。从黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦人的实地调查中获得的人种学证据表明，武装分子和附属机构如何通过情感、智力和道德诉求来传达关于意识形态接近和距离的想法。这种方法重申了话语和叙述在创建激进社会化的非正式机制中的作用，而没有明确援引正式的学说。从黎巴嫩巴勒斯坦人的实地调查中获得的人种学证据表明，武装分子和附属机构如何通过情感、智力和道德诉求来传达关于意识形态接近和距离的想法。这种方法重申了话语和叙述在创建激进社会化的非正式机制中的作用，而没有明确援引正式的学说。