Abstract

Water electrolysis is a sustainable approach for hydrogen production by using electricity from clean energy sources. However, both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) associated with water electrolysis are kinetically sluggish, leading to low efficiency in corresponding electrolysis devices. In addition, current electrocatalysts that can catalyze both HER and OER to practical rates require noble metals such as platinum that are low in abundance and high in price, severely limiting commercialization. As a result, the development of high-performance and cost-effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts to replace noble ones has intensified. Based on this, this review will comprehensively present recent research in the design, synthesis, characterization and performance validation/optimization of non-noble metal HER electrocatalysts and analyze corresponding catalytic mechanisms. Moreover, several important types of non-noble metal electrocatalysts including zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials are presented with an emphasis on morphology/structure, synergetic interaction between metal and support, catalytic property and HER activity/stability. Furthermore, existing technical challenges are summarized and corresponding research directions are proposed toward practical application.

Graphic Abstract

Water electrolysis is a sustainable approach for hydrogen production by using electricity from clean energy sources. However, both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are kinetically sluggish, causing low efficiency of the electrolysis devices. The currently used noble metals, such as Pt-based electrocatalysts for catalyzing both HER and OER to practical rates, have low abundances and high price, limiting their commercialization. In this regard, developing high-performance and cost-effective non-noble metal electrocatalysts to replace noble ones has become a hot research topic.

中文翻译：

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非贵金属电催化剂在水电解中析氢反应

摘要

水电解是使用清洁能源发电的一种可持续的制氢方法。但是，与水电解有关的析氢反应（HER）和析氧反应（OER）在动力学上都很缓慢，导致相应电解装置的效率低下。另外，当前的能够将HER和OER两者催化到实际速率的电催化剂需要诸如铂之类的贵金属，其含量低且价格高，从而严重限制了其商业化。结果，增强了替代贵金属的高性能和成本有效的非贵金属电催化剂的开发。基于此，本文将全面介绍设计，综合，贵金属HER电催化剂的表征和性能验证/优化，并分析相应的催化机理。此外，提出了几种重要类型的非贵金属电催化剂，包括零维，一维，二维和三维材料，重点是形态/结构，金属与载体之间的协同相互作用，催化性能和HER活性。 /稳定。此外，总结了现有的技术挑战，并提出了针对实际应用的研究方向。介绍了二维和三维材料，重点是形态/结构，金属与载体之间的协同相互作用，催化性能和HER活性/稳定性。此外，总结了现有的技术挑战，并提出了针对实际应用的研究方向。介绍了二维和三维材料，重点是形态/结构，金属与载体之间的协同相互作用，催化性能和HER活性/稳定性。此外，总结了现有的技术挑战，并提出了针对实际应用的研究方向。

图形摘要

水电解是一种使用清洁能源发电的可持续制氢方法。然而，氢气析出反应（HER）和氧气析出反应（OER）在动力学上均很缓慢，从而导致电解装置的效率低下。当前使用的贵金属，例如用于催化HER和OER达到实用速率的基于Pt的电催化剂，具有低丰度和高价格，限制了它们的商业化。在这方面，开发高性能和具有成本效益的非贵金属电催化剂来代替贵金属电催化剂已经成为研究的热点。