Abstract Metallic (1T) phases of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising alternatives for Pt as efficient and practically applicable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. Group 6 1T TMDs are the most widely studied due to their impressively higher HER activity than that of their 2H counterparts. However, the mediocre electrochemical and thermal stability of these TMDs has limited their widespread application. Over the last decade, while immense attempts have been made to enhance the stability of group 6 1T TMDs, 1T TMDs based on other transition metals have gained increasing attention. To address the great potential of the 1T TMD family for industry-scale HER and inspire future breakthroughs in realizing their scalable utilization, a critical overview of 1T TMDs for application in HER is presented in this work. With an emphasis on the recent progress, the main contents include the elucidation of the “structure–performance” relationship in 1T TMD-based HER, the approaches for the synthesis and morphology control of 1T TMDs, and the types of 1T TMD-based materials that have been explored for efficient and long-term water splitting. Before the main discussions, the reaction mechanism of HER and the evaluation indexes for HER catalysts are introduced. Moreover, future perspectives on overcoming the primary challenges that hinder the practical application of 1T TMDs for HER are provided. Graphic Abstract

中文翻译：

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1T相变金属双硫属元素用于氢释放反应

摘要过渡金属二硫化氢（TMDs）的金属（1T）相是Pt的有前途的替代品，可作为高效且实用的氢释放反应（HER）催化剂。第6组1T TMD由于具有比2H同类产品更高的HER活性，因此得到了最广泛的研究。然而，这些TMD的中等电化学和热稳定性限制了它们的广泛应用。在过去的十年中，尽管已经进行了许多尝试来增强6组1T TMD的稳定性，但基于其他过渡金属的1T TMD却引起了越来越多的关注。为了解决1T TMD系列对于工业规模HER的巨大潜力并激发实现其可扩展性利用方面的未来突破，本文对在HER中应用的1T TMD进行了概述。着重介绍最新进展，主要内容包括阐明基于1T TMD的HER的“结构-性能”关系，用于1T TMD的合成和形态控制的方法以及基于1T TMD的材料的类型为有效和长期的水分解而进行的研究。在主要讨论之前，先介绍了HER的反应机理和HER催化剂的评价指标。此外，还提供了有关克服主要挑战的未来观点，这些挑战阻碍了1T TMD在HER中的实际应用。图形摘要 以及基于1T TMD的材料的类型，这些材料已被研究用于长期有效的水分解。在主要讨论之前，先介绍了HER的反应机理和HER催化剂的评价指标。此外，还提供了有关克服主要挑战的未来观点，这些挑战阻碍了1T TMD在HER中的实际应用。图形摘要 以及基于1T TMD的材料的类型，这些材料已被研究用于长期有效的水分解。在主要讨论之前，先介绍了HER的反应机理和HER催化剂的评价指标。此外，还提供了有关克服主要挑战的未来观点，这些挑战阻碍了1T TMD在HER中的实际应用。图形摘要