Over the past decade, CO₂ separation and capture have become the new bandwagon for polymer science and membrane research. This review presents the fundamentals of CO₂/gas separation in polymeric membranes and discusses how these principles underpin opportunities and challenges for post-combustion carbon capture (CO₂/N₂), hydrogen purification (CO₂/H₂), and natural gas and biogas sweetening (CO₂/CH₄). Emerging polymeric membrane materials are discussed, including a few polymers containing a high content of polar functional groups (i.e., ether oxygen-rich polymers and polymeric ionic liquids), shape-persisting glassy polymers (i.e., perfluoropolymers, thermally rearranged polymers, iptycene-containing polymers), and reactive polymers featuring facilitated transport. Moreover, the promising candidates for each CO₂ separation application are highlighted. Finally, the permeability-selectivity data reviewed were plotted against their 2008 and 2019 upper bounds.

在过去的十年中，CO _2的分离和捕获已成为聚合物科学和膜研究的新潮流。这篇综述介绍了聚合物膜中CO ₂ /气体分离的基本原理，并讨论了这些原理如何为燃烧后碳捕集（CO ₂ / N ₂），氢气净化（CO ₂ / H ₂）和天然气提供机遇和挑战和沼气脱硫（CO ₂ / CH ₄）。讨论了新兴的聚合物膜材料，包括一些含有高含量极性官能团的聚合物（例如，富含醚氧的聚合物和聚合物离子液体），形状持久的玻璃态聚合物（例如，全氟聚合物，热重排的聚合物，含茂茂的茂金属）聚合物）和反应性聚合物（具有促进运输的特性）。此外，突出显示了每种CO ₂分离应用的有希望的候选者。最后，针对其2008年和2019年的上限绘制了审查的渗透率-选择性数据。