The article develops our understanding of social capital by analyzing social capital as an organizational phenomenon. The analysis is based on qualitative data consisting of interviews and documents obtained from six different kindergartens in Norway. Kindergartens are used as a “prism” through which we can understand how social capital is formed—and the mechanisms that shape the development of various forms of networks within welfare organizations. More specifically we look at drop-in kindergartens. The specific purpose of these kindergartens is to provide open and inclusive arenas that promote integration and community. We find that the kindergartens vary in the degree to which they succeed in building bridging forms of networks and communities. Using concepts from organizational theory and Wenger’s (1998) theory of communities of practice, we find that formal organizational factors such as ownership, organizational goals, profiling, location, and educational content impact the formation of bridging forms of social capital. The composition of the user groups and the user groups’ motivation for participating most clearly affect the conditions for community formation. The composition of the user groups is the result of a number of organizational factors and organizational mechanisms. Kindergartens that have a heterogeneous user group, and a user group with a community orientation (Morse 2006), are more successful at creating bridging types of social networks.

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桥接还是纽带：研究幼儿园社会资本的组织框架

本文通过分析社会资本作为一种组织现象来发展我们对社会资本的理解。该分析基于定性数据，包括访谈和从挪威六所不同幼儿园获得的文件。幼儿园被用作“棱镜”，通过它我们可以了解社会资本的形成方式以及影响福利组织内部各种形式网络发展的机制。更具体地说，我们看的是幼儿园。这些幼儿园的具体目的是提供开放和包容的场所，以促进融合和社区发展。我们发现，幼儿园在建立网络和社区的桥接形式方面的成功程度各不相同。利用组织理论和温格（1998）的实践社区理论的概念，我们发现，正式的组织因素，例如所有权，组织目标，配置文件，位置和教育内容，会影响社会资本桥接形式的形成。用户组的组成和用户组参与的动机最明显地影响社区形成的条件。用户组的组成是许多组织因素和组织机制的结果。拥有异类用户群和具有社区取向的用户群的幼儿园（Morse 2006），在创建桥接类型的社交网络方面更为成功。用户组的组成和用户组参与的动机最明显地影响社区形成的条件。用户组的组成是许多组织因素和组织机制的结果。拥有异类用户群和具有社区取向的用户群的幼儿园（Morse 2006），在创建桥接类型的社交网络方面更为成功。用户组的组成和用户组参与的动机最明显地影响社区形成的条件。用户组的组成是许多组织因素和组织机制的结果。拥有异类用户群和具有社区取向的用户群的幼儿园（Morse 2006），在创建桥接类型的社交网络方面更为成功。