Abstract. Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can greatly influence biotic activities and organic sources in the ocean. However, fluxes of these compounds as well as their fate, transport, and net input to the Arctic Ocean have not been thoroughly assessed. During April–November of the 2016 “Russian High-Latitude Expedition”, 51 air (gases, aerosols, and wet deposition) and water samples were collected from the Russian Arctic within the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, and the East Siberian Sea. Here, we report on the Russian Arctic assessment of the occurrence of 35 PAHs and 9 metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Hg) in dry and wet deposition as well as the atmosphere–ocean fluxes of 35 PAHs and Hg0 . We observed that Hg was mainly in the gas phase and that Pb was most abundant in the gas phase compared with the aerosol and dissolved water phases. Mn, Fe, Pb, and Zn showed higher levels than the other metals in the three phases. The concentrations of PAHs in aerosols and the dissolved water phase were approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than those in the gas phase. The abundances of higher molecular weight PAHs were highest in the aerosols. Higher levels of both heavy metals and PAHs were observed in the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea, and the East Siberian Sea, which were close to areas with urban and industrial sites. Diagnostic ratios of phenanthrene/anthracene to fluoranthene/pyrene showed a pyrogenic source for the aerosols and gases, whereas the patterns for the dissolved water phase were indicative of both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources; pyrogenic sources were most prevalent in the Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. These differences between air and seawater reflect the different sources of PAHs through atmospheric transport, which included anthropogenic sources for gases and aerosols and mixtures of anthropogenic and biogenic sources along the continent in the Russian Arctic. The average dry deposition of ∑9 metals and ∑35 PAHs was 1749 and 1108 ng m −2 d −1 , respectively. The average wet deposition of ∑9 metals and ∑35 PAHs was 33.29 and 221.31 µ g m −2 d −1 , respectively. For the atmosphere–sea exchange, the monthly atmospheric input of ∑35 PAHs was estimated at 1040 t. The monthly atmospheric Hg input was approximately 530 t. These additional inputs of hazardous compounds may be disturbing the biochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯北冰洋大气中的重金属和多环芳烃交换

摘要。重金属和多环芳烃（PAHs）可以极大地影响海洋中的生物活动和有机来源。但是，尚未对这些化合物的通量及其向北冰洋的命运，运输和净投入进行全面评估。在2016年“俄罗斯高纬度考察”期间，从俄罗斯北极地区的巴伦支海，卡拉海，拉普捷夫海和拉脱维亚海中采集了51种空气（气体，气溶胶和湿沉降物）和水样。东西伯利亚海。在这里，我们报道了俄罗斯北极地区对干湿沉降以及大气-海洋中35种PAHs和9种金属（Pb，Cd，Cu，Co，Zn，Fe，Mn，Ni和Hg）的发生情况的评估35种PAHs和Hg0的通量。我们观察到，与气溶胶和溶解水相比，汞主要在气相中，而铅在气相中的含量最高。在三相中，Mn，Fe，Pb和Zn的含量高于其他金属。气溶胶和溶解水相中PAHs的浓度比气相中PAHs的浓度高约1个数量级。在气溶胶中，较高分子量的PAHs含量最高。在巴伦支海，卡拉海和东西伯利亚海中，重金属和多环芳烃的含量较高，这些地区靠近城市和工业区。菲/蒽与荧蒽/ py的诊断比显示出气溶胶和气体的热源，溶解水相的模式既指示了成因来源，又指示了热源。热源在卡拉海和拉普捷夫海最为普遍。空气和海水之间的这些差异反映了通过大气传输产生的多环芳烃的不同来源，包括俄罗斯北极大陆上的人为气体和气溶胶来源以及人为和生物来源的混合物。∑9金属和∑35 PAHs的平均干沉降分别为1749和1108 ng m -2 d -1。∑9金属和∑35 PAHs的平均湿沉降分别为33.29和221.31 µg m -2 d -1。对于大气-海洋交换，估计每月∑35 PAH的大气输入量为1040 t。每月大气汞输入量约为530吨。