they defend only the area immediately surrounding the cave entrance from other males, and forage over broadly overlapping undefended home ranges. Larger, and perhaps older, fish defend sites approximately 25 m2 in area from both conspecifics and confamilials the year-round, and forage only within the well-defined boundaries of their territories. When caves were experimentally occluded, the occupants abandoned or shifted their territories. Fish that were removed from territories were quickly replaced by other males. The territory site rather than its occupant apparently determines whether the area is to be temporarily or permanently defended. The size of permanent territories varied inversely with experimentally manipulated food availability, and occupants selectively excluded potential food competitors of the same foraging guild. When overgrazed by sea urchins, permanent territories were abandoned and subsequently became the sites of temporary territories. The juxtaposition of a suitable cave and a sustainable food supply apparently makes an area valuable enough to be economically defendable throughout the year. Since their territories occur only around caves, E. jacksoni males competitively dominate other members of their guild only in areas with suitable caves. Their range of dominance is further restricted by sea urchins, which are superior exploitative competitors.

中文翻译：

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加利福尼亚礁鱼 Embiotoca jacksoni (Embiotocidae) 地域性的实验分析

它们只保护紧靠洞穴入口周围的区域免受其他雄性的攻击，并在广泛重叠的未设防的家园范围内觅食。更大的，也许是更老的，鱼全年保护面积约 25 平方米的地点免受同种和家族的侵害，并且只在其领土的明确边界内觅食。当洞穴被实验性遮挡时，居住者会放弃或转移他们的领土。从领土上移走的鱼很快被其他雄性取代。显然是领土地点而不是它的占有者决定了该地区是临时还是永久防御。永久领土的大小与实验操纵的食物供应量成反比，居住者有选择地排除同一觅食行会的潜在食物竞争者。当海胆过度放牧时，永久领土被遗弃，随后成为临时领土。合适的洞穴和可持续的食物供应并置显然使该地区具有足够的价值，可以全年在经济上进行防御。由于它们的领地仅出现在洞穴周围，因此 E. jacksoni 雄性仅在具有合适洞穴的区域中竞争性地支配其公会的其他成员。它们的优势范围进一步受到海胆的限制，海胆是优越的剥削竞争者。由于它们的领地仅出现在洞穴周围，因此 E. jacksoni 雄性仅在具有合适洞穴的区域中竞争性地支配其公会的其他成员。它们的优势范围进一步受到海胆的限制，海胆是具有剥削性的优势竞争者。由于它们的领地仅出现在洞穴周围，因此 E. jacksoni 雄性仅在具有合适洞穴的区域中竞争性地支配其公会的其他成员。它们的优势范围进一步受到海胆的限制，海胆是优越的剥削竞争者。