Cyanidin 3-O-galactoside (Cy3Gal) is one of the most widespread anthocyanins that positively impacts the health of animals and humans. Since it is available from a wide range of natural sources, such as fruits (apples and berries in particular), substantial studies were performed to investigate its biosynthesis, chemical stability, natural occurrences and content, extraction methods, physiological functions, as well as potential applications. In this review, we focus on presenting the previous studies on the abovementioned aspects of Cy3Gal. As a conclusion, Cy3Gal shares a common biosynthesis pathway and analogous stability with other anthocyanins. Galactosyltransferase utilizing uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) and cyanidin as substrates is unique for Cy3Gal biosynthesis. Extraction employing different methods reveals chokeberry as the most practical natural source for mass-production of this compound. The antioxidant properties and other health effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-toxicity, cardiovascular, and nervous protective capacities, are highlighted in purified Cy3Gal and in its combination with other polyphenols. These unique properties of Cy3Gal are discussed and compared with other anthocyanins with related structure for an in-depth evaluation of its potential value as food additives or health supplement. Emphasis is laid on the description of its physiological functions confirmed via various approaches.

中文翻译：

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氰胺3-O-半乳糖苷：具有多种健康益处的天然化合物

氰胺3- O-半乳糖苷（Cy3Gal）是最广泛使用的花色苷之一，对动物和人类的健康有积极影响。由于它可从多种自然资源中获得，例如水果（尤其是苹果和浆果），因此进行了大量研究以研究其生物合成，化学稳定性，天然成分和含量，提取方法，生理功能以及潜在用途应用程序。在这篇综述中，我们着重介绍有关Cy3Gal的上述方面的先前研究。结论是，Cy3Gal与其他花色苷具有共同的生物合成途径和类似的稳定性。以尿苷二磷酸半乳糖（UDP-半乳糖）和花青素为底物的半乳糖基转移酶是Cy3Gal生物合成所独有的。采用不同方法进行的提取显示，苦莓是该化合物大规模生产的最实用的天然来源。纯化的Cy3Gal及其与其他多酚类的混合物突出显示了抗氧化特性和其他健康作用，包括抗炎，抗癌，抗糖尿病，抗毒性，心血管和神经保护功能。对Cy3Gal的这些独特性质进行了讨论，并与其他具有相关结构的花青素进行了比较，以深入评估其作为食品添加剂或健康补品的潜在价值。重点放在通过各种方法证实的其生理功能的描述上。纯化的Cy3Gal及其与其他多酚的组合突出显示了抗毒性，心血管和神经保护功能。对Cy3Gal的这些独特性质进行了讨论，并与其他具有相关结构的花青素进行了比较，以深入评估其作为食品添加剂或健康补品的潜在价值。重点放在通过各种方法证实的其生理功能的描述上。纯化的Cy3Gal及其与其他多酚的组合突出显示了抗毒性，心血管和神经保护功能。对Cy3Gal的这些独特性质进行了讨论，并与其他具有相关结构的花青素进行了比较，以深入评估其作为食品添加剂或健康补品的潜在价值。重点放在通过各种方法证实的其生理功能的描述上。