Cycling lithium (Li) metal anode with a low negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratio is critical to build high-energy-density Li metal batteries (LMBs). Many strategies focusing on interfacial protection are limited to shallow conditions using excessive Li with a high negative/positive capacity (N/P) ratio > 50. Herein, we demonstrate a deeply enhanced charge transfer kinetic by a rational incorporation of nickel (Ni) seeds in the Li anodes with a tailored interfacial chemistry. The Ni seeds in the bulk Li anode not only act as well-dispersed nucleation sites to enable Ni-seeded growth of granular Li deposits, but also adsorb acetonitrile (AN) molecules when the Ni-seeded Li anodes are paired with an AN-based electrolyte using lithium bis-(fluorosulfonyl)imide as salt, forming a fast Li⁺ conducting interphase with co-produced LiF, Li₃N and Li₂S components. These benefits conduct an exchange current density ~ 20 times higher than that of the bare Li in conventional carbonate electrolytes. Stable cycling of LMBs with a practical cathode loading (~ 5 mAh cm⁻²) and a low N/P capacity ratio of 2 is also demonstrated, showing the prominence of this remedy for developing high-energy-density LMBs.

具有低负/正容量（N / P）比的循环锂（Li）金属阳极对于构建高能量密度的锂金属电池（LMB）至关重要。许多侧重于界面保护的策略都限于使用过量的Li（负/正容量（N / P）比> 50）过多的浅层条件。在此，我们证明了通过合理掺入镍（Ni）晶种，电荷转移动力学得到了大大增强。在锂阳极中采用量身定制的界面化学。块状锂阳极中的镍种子不仅充当分散良好的成核位点，以使粒状锂沉积物能够进行镍播种生长，而且当将镍播种的锂阳极与基于AN的锂阳极配对时，它还能吸附乙腈（AN）分子。以双（氟磺酰基）酰亚胺锂为盐的电解质，形成快速的Li ⁺与共同生产的LiF，Li ₃ N和Li ₂ S组分进行相间导电。这些优点使交换电流密度比传统碳酸盐电解质中的裸锂高出约20倍。还证明了具有实际阴极负载（〜5 mAh cm ^-2）和低N / P容量比为2的LMB的稳定循环，显示出这种开发高能量密度LMB的方法的突出意义。