alpha 和 theta 节律对感知和注意力采样的不同贡献,European Journal of Neuroscience

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alpha 和 theta 节律对感知和注意力采样的不同贡献
European Journal of Neuroscience ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15154
René Michel _{1,

2} , Laura Dugué _{3,

4} , Niko A. Busch _{1,

2}

Affiliation

越来越多的证据表明，视觉感知以 alpha 频率（约 10 Hz）以振荡方式运行。此外，视觉注意力似乎也有节奏地运作，尽管以θ频率（约5赫兹）。这两种节奏通常与在这些节奏的有利阶段拍摄的“感知快照”相关联。然而，对不利阶段的了解较少：它们是否构成“盲区”，需要观察者猜测，还是以降低的精度采样的信息不足以满足任务要求？由于简单的检测或辨别任务无法区分这些选项，我们通过询问 Landolt 环间隙的确切方向来应用连续报告任务来估计单独的模型参数以实现精度和猜测量。我们通过在类似波斯纳的提示范式中操纵非自愿空间注意力的 20 个提示目标刺激发作异步对此类报告进行密集采样，将这项任务嵌入到一个完善的心理物理协议中。使用快速傅里叶变换测试节律性的猜测和精度参数的结果时间过程，我们发现无效提示试验的精确度为 alpha 节律（9.6 Hz），而有效条件下的猜测率则为 θ 节律（4.8 Hz）。这些结果表明感知阿尔法和注意θ节律的不同作用。我们推测，这两种节奏都会导致以波动的空间分辨率为特征的环境采样，这与一系列严格的盲点和感知快照相悖。

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Distinct contributions of alpha and theta rhythms to perceptual and attentional sampling

Accumulating evidence suggests that visual perception operates in an oscillatory fashion at an alpha frequency (around 10 Hz). Moreover, visual attention also seems to operate rhythmically, albeit at a theta frequency (around 5 Hz). Both rhythms are often associated to "perceptual snapshots" taken at the favorable phases of these rhythms. However, less is known about the unfavorable phases: do they constitute "blind gaps," requiring the observer to guess, or is information sampled with reduced precision insufficient for the task demands? As simple detection or discrimination tasks cannot distinguish these options, we applied a continuous report task by asking for the exact orientation of a Landolt ring's gap to estimate separate model parameters for precision and the amount of guessing. We embedded this task in a well-established psychophysical protocol by densely sampling such reports across 20 cue-target stimulus onset asynchronies in a Posner-like cueing paradigm manipulating involuntary spatial attention. Testing the resulting time courses of the guessing and precision parameters for rhythmicities using a fast Fourier transform, we found an alpha rhythm (9.6 Hz) in precision for invalidly cued trials and a theta rhythm (4.8 Hz) in the guess rate across validity conditions. These results suggest distinct roles of the perceptual alpha and the attentional theta rhythm. We speculate that both rhythms result in environmental sampling characterized by fluctuating spatial resolution, speaking against a strict succession of blind gaps and perceptual snapshots.

更新日期：2021-02-20

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