Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induction is one of the primary defence mechanisms of plants against a broad range of pathogens. It can be induced by infectious agents or by synthetic molecules, such as benzo(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH). SAR induction is associated with increases in salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and expression of defence marker genes (e.g., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), the pathogenesis-related (PR) protein family, and non-expressor of PR genes (NPR1)). Various types of pathogens and pests induce plant responses by activating signalling pathways associated with SA, jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET). This work presents an analysis of the influence of BTH and its derivatives as resistance inducers in healthy and virus-infected plants by determining the expression levels of selected resistance markers associated with the SA, JA, and ET pathways. The phytotoxic effects of these compounds and their influence on the course of viral infection were also studied. Based on the results obtained, the best-performing BTH derivatives and their optimal concentration for plant performance were selected, and their mode of action was suggested. It was shown that application of BTH and its derivatives induces increased expression of marker genes of both the SA- and JA-mediated pathways.

中文翻译：

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苯并（1,2,3）-噻二唑-7-硫代甲酸S-甲基酯（BTH）及其衍生物在植物抗病毒性疾病中的功效和作用方式的评估

系统获得性抗性（SAR）诱导是植物对多种病原体的主要防御机制之一。它可以由传染原或合成分子诱导，例如苯并（1,2,3）-噻二唑-7-硫代甲酸S-甲酯（BTH）。SAR诱导与水杨酸（SA）积累和防御标记基因（例如，苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL），发病相关（PR）蛋白家族和PR基因的非表达子（NPR1）的表达增加有关）。各种类型的病原体和害虫通过激活与SA，茉莉酸（JA）和乙烯（ET）相关的信号传导途径来诱导植物应答。这项工作通过确定与SA，JA和ET途径相关的所选抗性标记的表达水平，分析了BTH及其衍生物作为抗性诱导剂在健康和病毒感染的植物中的影响。还研究了这些化合物的植物毒性作用及其对病毒感染过程的影响。根据获得的结果，选择表现最佳的BTH衍生物及其对植物生长的最佳浓度，并提出其作用方式。结果表明，BTH及其衍生物的应用诱导了SA和JA介导的途径的标记基因表达的增加。根据获得的结果，选择表现最佳的BTH衍生物及其对植物生长的最佳浓度，并提出其作用方式。结果表明，BTH及其衍生物的应用诱导了SA和JA介导的途径的标记基因表达的增加。根据获得的结果，选择表现最佳的BTH衍生物及其对植物生长的最佳浓度，并提出其作用方式。结果表明，BTH及其衍生物的应用诱导了SA和JA介导的途径的标记基因表达的增加。