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Design and Validation of Linkers for Site-Specific Preparation of Antibody–Drug Conjugates Carrying Multiple Drug Copies Per Cysteine Conjugation Site
International Journal of Molecular Sciences ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-19 , DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186882
Amit Kumar , Shenlan Mao , Nazzareno Dimasi , Changshou Gao

First-generation cysteine-based site-specific antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are limited to one drug per cysteine. However, certain applications require a high drug to antibody ratio (DAR), such as when low-potency payloads are used. Higher drug load can be achieved using classical cysteine conjugation methods, but these result in heterogeneity, suboptimal efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Here, we describe the design, synthesis and validation of heterobifunctional linkers that can be used for the preparation of ADCs with a DAR of two, three and four in a site-specific manner per single cysteine conjugation site, resulting in site-specific ADCs with a DAR of four, six and eight. The designed linkers carry a sulfhydryl-specific iodoacetyl reactive group, and multiple cyclic diene moieties which can efficiently react with maleimide-carrying payloads through the Diels–Alder reaction. As a proof of concept, we synthesized site-specific DAR four, six and eight ADCs carrying tubulysin (AZ13601508) using engineered antibodies with a cysteine inserted after position 239 in the antibody CH2 domain. We evaluated and compared the in vitro cytotoxicity of ADCs obtained via the site-specific platform described herein, with ADCs prepared using classical cysteine conjugation. Our data validated a novel cysteine-based conjugation platform for the preparation of site-specific ADCs with high drug load for therapeutic applications.

中文翻译:

每个半胱氨酸缀合位点携带多个药物拷贝的抗体-药物缀合物的特定位点制备接头的设计和验证

第一代基于半胱氨​​酸的位点特异性抗体-药物偶联物(ADC)限于每个半胱氨酸使用一种药物。但是,某些应用程序需要较高的药物与抗体之比(DAR),例如使用低效有效载荷时。使用经典的半胱氨酸缀合方法可以实现更高的载药量,但是这些导致异质性,次优疗效和药代动力学。在这里,我们描述了异双功能连接子的设计,合成和验证,这些连接子可用于以每个半胱氨酸缀合位点的位点特异性方式制备DAR为2、3和4的ADC,从而产生具有DAR为4、6和8。设计的连接基带有巯基特异性的碘乙酰基反应性基团,以及多个环状二烯部分,可通过Diels-Alder反应与携带马来酰亚胺的有效负载有效反应。作为概念的证明,我们使用工程抗体合成了带有微管溶素的位点特异性DAR四个,六个和八个ADC(AZ13601508),并在抗体CH2域的239位插入了一个半胱氨酸。我们评估和比较了通过本文所述的位点特异性平台获得的ADC与使用经典半胱氨酸缀合制备的ADC的体外细胞毒性。我们的数据验证了一种新颖的基于半胱氨​​酸的缀合平台,可用于制备具有高药物负荷的位点特异性ADC,用于治疗应用。使用工程改造的抗体的六个和八个ADC携带微管溶素(AZ13601508),并在抗体CH2域的239位之后插入了一个半胱氨酸。我们评估和比较了通过本文所述的位点特异性平台获得的ADC与使用经典半胱氨酸缀合制备的ADC的体外细胞毒性。我们的数据验证了一种新颖的基于半胱氨​​酸的缀合平台,可用于制备具有高药物负荷的位点特异性ADC,用于治疗应用。使用工程改造的抗体的六个和八个ADC携带微管溶素(AZ13601508),并在抗体CH2域的239位之后插入了一个半胱氨酸。我们评估和比较了通过本文所述的位点特异性平台获得的ADC与使用经典半胱氨酸缀合制备的ADC的体外细胞毒性。我们的数据验证了一种新颖的基于半胱氨​​酸的缀合平台,可用于制备具有高药物负荷的位点特异性ADC,用于治疗应用。
更新日期:2020-09-19
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