The color produced by visible light that reflects from the photovoltaic modules can influence visual aesthetics for colored photovoltaic applications, such as the building integrated photovoltaic and the vehicles integrated photovoltaic. How two colors lying close together can be perceived by the human eye is important for aesthetic design. In this article, we investigate the reflectance spectra variation caused by the variation of indium tin oxide thickness and incidence angle of sunlight based on the well-known silicon heterojunction solar cells and modules. By converting the reflectance spectra into the Delta E 2000 value, we quantify whether differences in color can be perceived. The colors are also predicted based on the standard red, green, and blue color space. The results show that the reflectance variation because of an ITO thickness deviation of 5 nm in SHJ solar cells leads to a perceptible color difference, which can be suppressed after encapsulation but is still perceptible on close observation. The ITO thickness deviation should be controlled within 3 nm to produce a nearly imperceptible visual appearance. The color difference of SHJ modules with an ITO thickness of 70 nm is nearly imperceptible if the incidence angle is below 70°. For comparison, the color differences of the passivated emitter and rear contact solar cells using SiNx as an antireflection layer is also investigated.

中文翻译：

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硅异质结太阳能电池和模块的反射率变化对色差感知的影响


光伏组件反射的可见光产生的颜色会影响彩色光伏应用的视觉美感，例如光伏建筑一体化和光伏汽车一体化。人眼如何感知靠近的两种颜色对于美学设计非常重要。在本文中，我们基于众所周知的硅异质结太阳能电池和组件，研究了氧化铟锡厚度和太阳光入射角的变化引起的反射光谱变化。通过将反射光谱转换为 Delta E 2000 值，我们可以量化是否可以感知颜色差异。颜色也是根据标准的红、绿、蓝色彩空间来预测的。结果表明，SHJ太阳能电池中由于ITO厚度偏差5 nm而导致的反射率变化会导致可察觉的色差，这种色差在封装后可以被抑制，但在仔细观察时仍然可以察觉。 ITO 厚度偏差应控制在 3 nm 以内，以产生几乎难以察觉的视觉外观。当入射角低于70°时，ITO厚度为70 nm的SHJ模块的色差几乎难以察觉。为了进行比较，还研究了使用 SiNx 作为抗反射层的钝化发射极和背接触太阳能电池的色差。