Toward Practical High‐Areal‐Capacity Aqueous Zinc‐Metal Batteries: Quantifying Hydrogen Evolution and a Solid‐Ion Conductor for Stable Zinc Anodes,Advanced Materials

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Toward Practical High‐Areal‐Capacity Aqueous Zinc‐Metal Batteries: Quantifying Hydrogen Evolution and a Solid‐Ion Conductor for Stable Zinc Anodes
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007406
Longtao Ma ₁ , Qing Li ₁ , Yiran Ying ₂ , Feixiang Ma ₁ , Shengmei Chen ₁ , Yangyang Li ₁ , Haitao Huang ₂ , Chunyi Zhi _{1,

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Affiliation

The hydrogen evolution in Zn metal battery is accurately quantified by in situ battery–gas chromatography–mass analysis. The hydrogen fluxes reach 3.76 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² in a Zn//Zn symmetric cell in each segment, and 7.70 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² in a Zn//MnO₂ full cell. Then, a highly electronically insulating (0.11 mS cm⁻¹) but highly Zn²⁺ ion conductive (80.2 mS cm⁻¹) ZnF₂ solid ion conductor with high Zn²⁺ transfer number (0.65) is constructed to isolate Zn metal from liquid electrolyte, which not only prohibits over 99.2% parasitic hydrogen evolution but also guides uniform Zn electrodeposition. Precisely quantitated, the Zn@ZnF₂//Zn@ZnF₂ cell only produces 0.02 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² of hydrogen (0.53% of the Zn//Zn cell). Encouragingly, a high‐areal‐capacity Zn@ZnF₂//MnO₂ (≈3.2 mAh cm⁻²) full cell only produces maximum hydrogen flux of 0.06 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² (0.78% of the Zn//Zn cell) at the fully charging state. Meanwhile, Zn@ZnF₂//Zn@ZnF₂ symmetric cell exhibits excellent stability under ultrahigh current density and areal capacity (10 mA cm⁻², 10 mAh cm⁻²) over 590 h (285 cycles), which far outperforms all reported Zn metal anodes in aqueous systems. In light of the superior Zn@ZnF₂ anode, the high‐areal‐capacity aqueous Zn@ZnF₂//MnO₂ batteries (≈3.2 mAh cm⁻²) shows remarkable cycling stability over 1000 cycles with 93.63% capacity retained at ≈100% Coulombic efficiency.

中文翻译：

迈向实用的高容量锌金属水溶液电池：量化氢的逸出量和用于稳定锌阳极的固体离子导体

通过原位电池-气相色谱-质谱分析可准确定量锌金属电池中的氢气释放量。在每个分段的Zn // Zn对称电池中，氢通量达到3.76 mmol h ^-1 cm ^-2，而在Zn // MnO ₂充满电池中，氢通量达到7.70 mmol h ^-1 cm ^-2。然后，形成具有高电子绝缘性（0.11 mS cm ^-1）但具有高Zn ²⁺离子导电性（80.2 mS cm ^-1）ZnF ₂固体离子导体和Zn ²⁺转移数（0.65）用于将锌金属与液体电解质隔离，这不仅可以抑制99.2％以上的寄生氢放出，还可以指导均匀的Zn电沉积。精确定量后，Zn @ ZnF ₂ // Zn @ ZnF ₂池仅产生0.02 mmol h ^-1 cm ^-2的氢气（占Zn // Zn池的0.53％）。令人鼓舞的是，高面积容量的Zn @ ZnF ₂ // MnO ₂（≈3.2mAh cm ^-2）满电池只能产生0.06 mmol h ^-1 cm ^-2的最大氢通量（占Zn // Zn电池的0.78％）处于完全充电状态。同时，Zn @ ZnF ₂ // Zn @ ZnF ₂对称电池在590小时（285次循环）中，在超高电流密度和面容量（10 mA cm ^-2，10 mAh cm ^-2）下表现出出色的稳定性，远胜过水性系统中所有报道的Zn金属阳极。根据出色的Zn @ ZnF ₂阳极，高容量的Zn @ ZnF ₂ // MnO ₂水溶液（≈3.2mAh cm ^-2）在1000次循环中显示出显着的循环稳定性，在≈100时保持93.63％的容量库仑效率％。

更新日期：2021-03-23

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