Solar-mass black holes with masses in the range of $\sim 1–2.5M_{\odot }$ are not expected from conventional stellar evolution, but can be produced naturally via neutron star (NS) implosions induced by capture of small primordial black holes (PBHs) or from accumulation of some varieties of particle dark matter. We argue that a unique signature of such “transmuted” solar-mass BHs is that their mass distribution would follow that of the NSs. This would be distinct from the mass function of black holes in the solar-mass range predicted either by conventional stellar evolution or early Universe PBH production. We propose that analysis of the solar-mass BH population mass distribution in a narrow mass window of $\sim 1–2.5M_{\odot }$ can provide a simple yet powerful test of the origin of these BHs. Recent LIGO/VIRGO gravitational wave (GW) observations of the binary merger events GW190425 and GW190814 are consistent with a BH mass in the range $\sim 1.5–2.6M_{\odot }$. Though these results have fueled speculation on dark matter-transmuted solar-mass BHs, we demonstrate that it is unlikely that the origin of these particular events stems from NS implosions. Data from upcoming GW observations will be able to distinguish between solar-mass BHs and NSs with high confidence. This capability will facilitate and enhance the efficacy of our proposed test.

中文翻译：

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测试太阳质量黑洞的起源

太阳质量黑洞的质量范围为 $〜\mathrm{1个}–2.5{\mathrm{中号}}_{\odot }$传统的恒星演化并不能预期到这种现象，但是可以通过捕获小原始黑洞（PBH）或某些暗暗粒子的积累而诱发的中子星（NS）内爆自然产生。我们认为，这种“变质”太阳BHs的独特特征是其质量分布将遵循NSs的质量分布。这将不同于传统恒星演化或早期宇宙PBH产生所预测的太阳质量范围内黑洞的质量函数。我们建议在一个狭窄的质量窗口内分析太阳BH人口质量分布$〜\mathrm{1个}–2.5{\mathrm{中号}}_{\odot }$可以提供对这些BH来源的简单而强大的测试。最近的LIGO / VIRGO重力波（GW）对二元合并事件GW190425和GW190814的观察与范围内的BH质量一致$〜1.5–2.6{\mathrm{中号}}_{\odot }$。尽管这些结果激发了人们对暗物质转化的太阳BHs的猜测，但我们证明了这些特殊事件的起源不太可能源于NS内爆。来自即将进行的GW观测的数据将能够以高置信度区分太阳质量BH和NS。此功能将促进并提高我们提出的测试的功效。