TiO₂-based electron transport layers (ETLs) show tremendous advantages in constructing efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but the power conversion efficiency (PCE) needs further improvements. Thus, in this study, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), a typical two-dimensional material, was synthesized in-situ and introduced into TiO₂-based ETLs as an additive via a facile glass-assisted annealing route. The results demonstrated that the addition of g-C₃N₄ positively influenced the crystalline quality of the perovskite layers, as well as the conductivity and photovoltaic properties of the devices. Furthermore, favorable energy level alignment facilitated rapid migration of electrons and suppressed charge recombination at the interfaces. Consequently, the champion device fabricated using the g-C₃N₄-modified ETL achieved a maximum PCE of 20.46% owing to the remarkable improvement in the V_oc, J_sc, and fill factor. The PCE is approximately 20% higher than that obtained for the pristine device, i.e., 17.18%.

TiO ₂基电子传输层（ETL）在构造有效的钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）方面显示出巨大的优势，但是功率转换效率（PCE）需要进一步提高。因此，在本研究中，就地合成了一种典型的二维材料石墨碳氮化物（gC ₃ N ₄），并通过一种便捷的玻璃辅助退火途径将其引入TiO ₂基ETL中作为添加剂。结果表明，加入gC ₃ N ₄对钙钛矿层的晶体质量以及器件的电导率和光伏特性产生积极影响。此外，有利的能级对准促进了电子的快速迁移并抑制了界面处的电荷复合。因此，由于V _oc，J _sc和填充因数的显着提高，使用gC ₃ N ₄修饰的ETL制造的冠军设备获得了20.46％的最大PCE 。PCE比原始设备获得的PCE高约20％，即17.18％。