Under what conditions do elections produce racially discriminatory outcomes? This article proposes electoral discrimination as an electoral mechanism for racial marginalization in indigenous and Afro-descendant Latin America. Electoral discrimination occurs when voters are mobilized under differential terms of electoral inclusion based on their observable characteristics. Using the 2010–2014 rounds of the AmericasBarometer and a conjoint experiment, the author finds that skin color is a robust predictor of vote buying across countries in the region with large, visible black and indigenous populations. A significant portion of the relationship between skin color and vote buying is due to the disproportionate impacts of race-neutral targeting criteria on dark-skinned voters. Observed differences in wealth, political and civic engagement, partisanship, political interest, interpersonal trust, and geography together explain a portion of the skin color–client gap, although the individual contribution of each of these factors differs by country. In addition, the author finds an independent relationship between skin color and vote buying over and above these race-neutral factors. The argument and findings in this article speak broadly to the consequences of electoral mobilization in ethnoracially stratified states in Latin America and beyond.

中文翻译：

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选举歧视：拉丁美洲肤色与选票购买之间的关系

选举在什么条件下会产生种族歧视的结果？本文提出选举歧视是拉丁美洲土著和非洲裔种族边缘化的一种选举机制。当基于可观察特征时，当在选举夹杂物的差异范围内调动选民时，就会发生选举歧视。使用 2010-2014 年的 AmericasBarometer 和一项联合实验，作者发现肤色是该地区拥有大量可见黑人和土著人口的国家购买选票的有力预测因素。肤色与选票购买之间的很大一部分关系是由于种族中立的目标标准对深色皮肤选民的不成比例的影响。观察到财富、政治和公民参与方面的差异，党派偏见、政治利益、人际信任和地理因素共同解释了肤色与客户差距的一部分，尽管这些因素中每一个的个体贡献因国家/地区而异。此外，作者发现除了这些种族中立因素之外，肤色和投票购买之间存在独立的关系。本文中的论点和调查结果广泛地说明了拉丁美洲及其他地区种族分层国家选举动员的后果。