How important is the enforcement of political rights in new democracies? The authors use the enfranchisement of the emancipated slaves following the American Civil War to study this question. Critical to their strategy, black suffrage was externally enforced by the United States Army in ten Southern states during Reconstruction. The authors employ a triple-difference model to estimate the joint effect of enfranchisement and its enforcement on taxation. They find that counties with greater black-population shares that were occupied by the military levied higher taxes compared to similar nonoccupied counties. These counties later experienced a comparatively greater decline in taxation after the troops were withdrawn. The authors also demonstrate that in occupied counties, black politicians were more likely to be elected and political murders by white supremacist groups occurred less frequently. The findings provide evidence on the key role of federal troops in limiting elite capture by force during this period.

中文翻译：

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民主化、事实上的权力和税收：重建期间军事占领的证据

在新民主国家执行政治权利有多重要？作者利用美国内战后解放奴隶的选举权来研究这个问题。对他们的战略至关重要的是，美国陆军在重建期间在南方十个州从外部强制执行黑人选举权。作者采用三重差分模型来估计选举权及其对税收的执行的联合影响。他们发现，与类似的未被占领的县相比，被军队占领的黑人人口比例较高的县征收的税更高。这些县后来在撤军后经历了相对较大的税收下降。作者还证明，在被占领的县，black politicians were more likely to be elected and political murders by white supremacist groups occurred less frequently. 调查结果提供了证据，证明联邦军队在此期间限制以武力俘获精英方面的关键作用。