A process of antibiotic fermentation residue and sludge pyrolysis to produce biochar was proposed, with antibiotic resistance genes destruction and biochar application in the adsorption of penicillin in water. The results showed that the β-lactam resistance genes were completely destroyed during pyrolysis. The prepared biochar from antibiotic fermentation residues (AFRB) and sludge (AFSB) at 800 °C and 600 °C had a good adsorption effect on the low concentration penicillin in water, with removal efficiencies of 93.32% and 98.50% for penicillin in aqueous solution and maximum adsorption capacities of 44.05 mg/g and 23.26 mg/g, respectively. Characterization of AFRB revealed that its surface was predominantly aromatic carbon, AFSB contained significant amounts of Fe₃O₄. Weak interactions (H‧‧‧π, H‧‧‧O˭C, π-π interactions) and active sites (aromatic ring, H and –C˭O groups) of penicillin with aromatic structures on AFRB and the chemisorption (–C˭O–Fe–, –C˭OO–Fe–), and active sites (–C˭O, –COO– groups) of penicillin on the (110) surface of Fe₃O₄ on AFSB were revealed by quantum chemical methods. This work provides a novel pathway for the risk reduction of antibiotic production residue and sludge associated with the generation of biochar for antibiotic removal from the environment.

提出了一种抗生素发酵残渣和污泥热解法生产生物炭的方法，该方法具有破坏抗生素抗性基因和生物炭在水中青霉素吸附中的应用。结果表明，β-内酰胺抗性基因在热解过程中被完全破坏。在800°C和600°C下由抗生素发酵残留物（AFRB）和污泥（AFSB）制备的生物炭对水中低浓度青霉素具有良好的吸附效果，对水溶液中青霉素的去除效率分别为93.32％和98.50％最大吸附容量分别为44.05 mg / g和23.26 mg / g。AFRB的特征表明其表面主要是芳族碳，AFSB包含大量的Fe ₃ O _4。。在AFRB上具有芳香结构的青霉素的弱相互作用（H‧‧‧π，H‧‧‧O˭C，π-π相互作用）和活性位点（芳环，H和–C˭O基团）和化学吸附（–C通过量子化学方法揭示了AFSB上Fe ₃ O ₄的（110）表面上的青霉素的˭O–Fe –，– C˭OO–Fe–）和活性位点（–C˭O，–COO–基）。这项工作为降低与生产用于从环境中去除抗生素的生物炭相关的抗生素生产残留物和污泥的风险提供了一条新途径。