Nanomaterials have promising applications in catalysis, filtration, hydrogen storage, sensors, automobile exhaust treatment, and energy storage and conversion, etc. However, scalable and economic fabrication of nanomaterials remains a challenge. In the past century, the world has witnessed successful industrialization of nanoporous Raney nickel in thousands of tons per year by dealloying method. With the advantages of low cost, scalable fabrication and controllable structure, dealloying technique has attracted more attention and gained wider applied in numerous areas. This review attempts to summarize the recent progress in development of dealloying technique, with special emphasis on synthetic materials (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D) and advanced applications, including lithium-ion batteries, lithium-oxygen batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-metal batteries, zinc-metal batteries, sodium-ion batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, potassium-ion batteries, aluminum-ion batteries, aluminum-carbon dioxide batteries, and supercapacitors, etc. The advantages, theoretical research, and influence factors of dealloying technique are also analyzed. Besides, key scientific issues and prospective directions of dealloying technique are also discussed. We believe this review may attract more researchers in relevant fields and offer some guide for the future development of dealloying technique.

纳米材料在催化，过滤，储氢，传感器，汽车尾气处理以及能量存储和转化等方面具有广阔的应用前景。然而，纳米材料的可扩展且经济的制造仍然是挑战。在过去的一个世纪中，世界目睹了通过脱合金法成功地将每年数千吨的纳米多孔阮内镍工业化。凭借廉价，可扩展的制造和可控的结构优势，脱合金技术已引起越来越多的关注，并在众多领域得到了广泛的应用。这篇综述试图总结脱合金技术的最新进展，特别强调合成材料（0D，1D，2D，3D）和先进的应用，包括锂离子电池，锂氧电池，锂硫电池，锂电池。金属电池，锌金属电池，钠离子电池，镁离子电池，钾离子电池，铝离子电池，铝二氧化碳电池，等。还分析了脱合金技术的优势，理论研究和影响因素。此外，还讨论了脱合金技术的关键科学问题和展望。我们相信这篇综述可能会吸引更多相关领域的研究人员，并为脱合金技术的未来发展提供一些指导。