Using natural product-based antifouling coatings has proven to be an effective strategy to combat biofouling. However, their antifouling mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the antifouling mechanism of natural product-based coatings consisting of bio-sourced poly(lactic acid)-based polyurethane and eco-friendly antifoulant (butenolide) derived from marine bacteria was revealed by observing 3D bacterial motions utilizing a 3D tracking technique-digital holographic microscopy (DHM). As butenolide content increases, the density of planktonic marine bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) near the surface decreases and thus leads to a reduced adhesion, indicating that butenolide elicits the adaptive response of Pseudomonas sp. to escape from the surface. Meanwhile, among these remained cells, an increased percentage is found to undergo subdiffusive motions compared with the case of smaller dose of butenolide. Further experiments show that butenolide can accelerate their swimming velocity and reduce flick frequency. Antibacterial assay confirms that butenolide-based coating shows high efficacy of antifouling performance against Pseudomonas sp. but without killing them like 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT).

使用基于天然产物的防污涂料已被证明是对抗生物污垢的有效策略。但是，它们的防污机理仍不清楚。在这项研究中，通过使用3D跟踪技术观察3D细菌运动，揭示了天然产物基涂料的防污机理，该涂料由生物来源的聚乳酸基聚氨酯和海洋细菌衍生的生态友好型防污剂（丁烯内酯）组成。 -数字全息显微镜（DHM）。随着丁烯内酯含量的增加，靠近表面的浮游海洋细菌（假单胞菌）的密度降低，从而导致粘附力降低，这表明丁烯内酯引起假单胞菌的适应性反应。sp。从表面逃脱。同时，与较小剂量的丁烯内酯相比，在这些残留的细胞中，发现发生亚扩散运动的百分比增加。进一步的实验表明，丁烯内酯可以加快游泳速度并减少甩动频率。抗菌测定证实，丁烯内酯基涂料对假单胞菌具有很高的防污性能。但不会像4,5-二氯-2-正辛基-4-异噻唑啉-3-one（DCOIT）那样杀死它们。