ABSTRACT In recent decades several studies had reviewed Hungarian Jewry and its unique characteristics, especially the official separation between Orthodox and non-Orthodox communities. Throughout the ages, despite having individuals who were lax in their religious conduct, the Jewish community was always regarded as a cohesive body which was willing to readmit its deviant members who repented. This was known as the concept of Klal Israel. The Orthodox–non-Orthodox separation meant that this historical principle was abandoned in favour of a new one: communal separation. This meant that Orthodox Jews concentrated on self-preservation by increasing religious standards, while allowing their former brethren to drift away from Jewish traditions and to adopt more modern ideologies. Scholars have traced these processes in the major Hungarian-speaking territories in Hungary itself, and also in Transylvania, Slovakia, and Karpatorus. Little attention was paid to the former Hungarian Jews in the territories that were annexed to Austria, Yugoslavia, and Italy, where the number of Jews was smaller and the proportion of the Orthodox Jews among them was lower. This article shows how Orthodox Jews in these territories also sought to maintain their religious legacy, through the formal separation between the Orthodox and the non-Orthodox communities.

中文翻译：

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保持分离主义传统：两次世界大战期间奥地利、南斯拉夫和意大利的匈牙利东正教

摘要 近几十年来，有几项研究回顾了匈牙利犹太人及其独特的特征，特别是正统和非正统社区之间的官方分离。古往今来，尽管有人在宗教行为上松懈，但犹太社区始终被视为一个有凝聚力的团体，愿意重新接纳悔改的越轨成员。这被称为 Klal Israel 的概念。东正教与非东正教的分离意味着这一历史原则被摒弃，取而代之的是新的原则：公共分离。这意味着东正教犹太人通过提高宗教标准来专注于自我保护，同时允许他们的前兄弟远离犹太传统并采用更现代的意识形态。学者们已经在匈牙利本土的主要匈牙利语地区以及特兰西瓦尼亚、斯洛伐克和卡帕托鲁斯追踪了这些过程。在被奥地利、南斯拉夫和意大利吞并的领土上的前匈牙利犹太人很少受到关注，这些地区的犹太人数量较少，其中东正教犹太人的比例较低。本文展示了这些领土上的正统犹太人如何通过正统和非正统社区之间的正式分离来维护他们的宗教遗产。那里的犹太人人数较少，其中东正教犹太人的比例较低。本文展示了这些领土上的正统犹太人如何通过正统和非正统社区之间的正式分离来维护他们的宗教遗产。那里的犹太人人数较少，其中东正教犹太人的比例较低。本文展示了这些领土上的正统犹太人如何通过正统和非正统社区之间的正式分离来维护他们的宗教遗产。