Vegetation History and Archaeobotany ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s00334-021-00823-4 Wayne L Strong
Potential Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26,500–15,000 bp) members of the Eastern Beringia (now Alaska-Yukon, northwest North America) vascular flora were recognized based on their contemporary co-occurrence in easternmost Siberia (formerly part of Western Beringia). Of 1,633 indigenous terrestrial Alaska-Yukon taxa, 835 also occur in easternmost Siberia, including 526 arctic/alpine and 90 subarctic taxa. Archival macrofossil and DNA evidence corroborated the occurrence of 55 LGM taxa and indicated the presence of an additional 13 non–Western Beringian taxa. The total (848) was double the number of taxa previously considered amphi-Beringian, but likely, still an underestimate. Most Eastern Beringian arctic/alpine and subarctic taxa were perennials (94%) and forbs (64%), with herbaceous plants having average median heights of ≤ 37 cm. Arctic/alpine taxa were associated with xeric to submesic environments (54%), whereas the subarctic taxa favoured moister conditions. Both arctic/alpine and subarctic taxa were potentially present in unglaciated Eastern Beringia. However, some subarctic taxa may have migrated from refugial areas peripheral to Western Beringia during the Late Wisconsinan, prior to opening of the Bering Strait (11,000 bp), rather than being migrants from mid-latitude North America because of timing and distance considerations. Currently, former LGM Eastern Beringian taxa dominate (> 80% content) the flora and plant canopy cover of Alaska-Yukon arctic vegetation, but their frequency decreases curvilinearly (~ 0.102 taxon km−1) from Alaska to Hudson Bay, and from Yukon to southern British Columbia (p < 0.05). More than half of these taxa occur > 1,400 km from Eastern Beringia.
中文翻译:
北美西北部最后一次冰期最大的东部白令海的潜在古生物
潜在的最后一次冰期最大值(LGM,26,500–15,000 bp)东部白令利亚(今北美洲西北部的阿拉斯加-育空)成员的血管形成是根据它们在西伯利亚最东端(原为西部白令的一部分)的当代共生而被认可的。在1,633土生土生的阿拉斯加育空类群中,有835个也出现在西伯利亚最东部,包括526个北极/高山和90个北极亚类群。档案化石和DNA证据证实了55个LGM分类单元的发生,并表明存在另外13个非西白令地区分类单元。总数(848)是以前被认为是两栖-贝林人的分类单元数量的两倍,但可能仍被低估了。白令东部的大部分北极/高山和弧下分类单元是多年生植物(94%)和前生植物(64%),其中草本植物的平均中位高度≤37 cm。北极/高山类群与干性至亚深层环境有关(54%),而北极亚类群则有利于潮湿环境。北极/高山和北极亚类群都可能存在于未冰化的东部白令地区。然而,在白令海峡开放之前,威斯康星州晚期,某些北极亚类群可能已经从西白令地区的避难区迁移而来(11,000bp),而不是出于时间和距离的考虑而从北美中纬度地区移民。目前,前LGM东方Beringian类群独领风骚(> 80%含量)阿拉斯加育空北极植被的植物和植物冠层盖,但它们的频率呈曲线下降(〜0.102类群公里-1)从阿拉斯加到哈德逊湾,和育空地区不列颠哥伦比亚省南部(p <0.05)。这些类群中有超过一半发生在距东部白令辖区> 1400公里处。