种族、语言和社会政策：比较美国的黑人和西班牙裔经历,Population and Environment

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种族、语言和社会政策：比较美国的黑人和西班牙裔经历
Population and Environment ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 1990-09-01 , DOI: 10.1007/bf01378551
Hugh Davis Graham

最近的研究预测，到 2000 年，大多数美国新工人将是少数族裔，并警告说，黑人和西班牙裔的教育不足可能会导致社会分为两级。自 1960 年代以来，在黑人和西班牙裔权利组织联盟的推动下，美国政府采用了平等机会的少数族裔歧视模式，要求两个受保护群体都获得平权行动福利，以弥补过去的歧视。对于西班牙裔，这些项目要求在学校进行单独的西班牙语教学。自 1969 年以来，人口普查局和国家教育进步评估提供了关于种族、家庭收入和英语语言能力的新调查数据，允许对社会流动性进行比较按种族和族裔群体。这些研究表明，欧洲和亚洲的非英语群体在经济上取得了比盎格鲁撒克逊新教 (WASP) 白人群体更大的成功，而且当考虑到英语熟练程度时，他们在西班牙裔人群中表现出类似的向上流动性。这些乐观的趋势是新的全球经济对未来知识型产业的高水平识字和计算能力的需求有所缓和。在这场就业竞争中，亚裔美国人尽管语言困难，但最成功，黑人最不成功。黑人和西班牙裔领导人的政治和意识形态需求将政府政策与少数民族歧视模式联系起来，并将西班牙裔的补救措施与西班牙语项目联系起来，

"点击查看英文标题和摘要"

Race, language, and social policy: Comparing the black and Hispanic experience in the U.S.

Recent studies project that most new U.S. workers by the year 2000 will be minorities, and warn that educational deficiencies among blacks and Hispanics may lead to a two-tiered society. Since the 1960s the U.S. government, prodded by a coalition of black and Hispanic rights organizations, has adopted a minority-discrimination model of equal opportunity that requires affirmative-action benefits for both protected groups to compensate for past discrimination. For Hispanics these programs have required separate, Spanish-language instruction in school.Since 1969, the availability of new survey data on ethnicity, family income, and Englishlanguage proficiency from the Census Bureau and the National Assessment for Educational Progress has permitted comparisons of social mobility by racial and ethnic groups. These studies show greater economic success among nonEnglish-speaking groups from Europe and Asia than among white-Anglo-Saxon-Protestant (WASP) groups, and they show similar upward mobility among Hispanics when proficiency in English is taken into account.These optimistic trends are tempered by the demands of the new global economy for high levels of literacy and numeracy in the knowledge-based industries of the future. In this job competition Asian-Americans, despite their language difficulties, have been most successful and blacks least successful. The political and ideological needs of black and Hispanic leaders have tied government policies to the minority-discrimination model and linked Hispanic remedies to Spanish-language programs, but the empirical data associate economic success with the acculturation model and English-language proficiency.

更新日期：1990-09-01

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