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Role of Ammonia Oxidation in Organic Micropollutant Transformation during Wastewater Treatment: Insights from Molecular, Cellular, and Community Level Observations
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06466 Qingxian Su 1, 2 , Anna-Ricarda Schittich 2 , Marlene Mark Jensen 2 , Howyong Ng 1, 3 , Barth F Smets 2
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06466 Qingxian Su 1, 2 , Anna-Ricarda Schittich 2 , Marlene Mark Jensen 2 , Howyong Ng 1, 3 , Barth F Smets 2
Affiliation
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) are a threat to aquatic environments, and wastewater treatment plants may act as a source or a barrier of OMPs entering the environment. Understanding the fate of OMPs in wastewater treatment processes is needed to establish efficient OMP removal strategies. Enhanced OMP biotransformation has been documented during biological nitrogen removal and has been attributed to the cometabolic activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and, specifically, to the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme. Yet, the exact mechanisms of OMP biotransformation are often unknown. This critical review aims to fundamentally and quantitatively evaluate the role of ammonia oxidation in OMP biotransformation during wastewater treatment processes. OMPs can be transformed by AOB via direct and indirect enzymatic reactions: AMO directly transforms OMPs primarily via hydroxylation, while biologically produced reactive nitrogen species (hydroxylamine (NH2OH), nitrite (NO2–), and nitric oxide (NO)) can chemically transform OMPs through nitration, hydroxylation, and deamination and can contribute significantly to the observed OMP transformations. OMPs containing alkyl, aliphatic hydroxyl, ether, and sulfide functional groups as well as substituted aromatic rings and aromatic primary amines can be biotransformed by AMO, while OMPs containing alkyl groups, phenols, secondary amines, and aromatic primary amines can undergo abiotic transformations mediated by reactive nitrogen species. Higher OMP biotransformation efficiencies and rates are obtained in AOB-dominant microbial communities, especially in autotrophic reactors performing nitrification or nitritation, than in non-AOB-dominant microbial communities. The biotransformations of OMPs in wastewater treatment systems can often be linked to ammonium (NH4+) removal following two central lines of evidence: (i) Similar transformation products (i.e., hydroxylated, nitrated, and desaminated TPs) are detected in wastewater treatment systems as in AOB pure cultures. (ii) Consistency in OMP biotransformation (rbio, μmol/g VSS/d) to NH4+ removal (rNH4+, mol/g VSS/d) rate ratios (rbio/rNH4+) is observed for individual OMPs across different systems with similar rNH4+ and AOB abundances. In this review, we conclude that AOB are the main drivers of OMP biotransformation during wastewater treatment processes. The importance of biologically driven abiotic OMP transformation is quantitatively assessed, and functional groups susceptible to transformations by AMO and reactive nitrogen species are systematically classified. This critical review will improve the prediction of OMP transformation and facilitate the design of efficient OMP removal strategies during wastewater treatment.
中文翻译:
氨氧化在废水处理过程中有机微污染物转化中的作用:来自分子、细胞和社区水平观察的见解
有机微污染物 (OMP) 对水生环境构成威胁,污水处理厂可能是 OMP 进入环境的来源或屏障。需要了解 OMP 在废水处理过程中的归宿,以建立有效的 OMP 去除策略。增强的 OMP 生物转化已在生物脱氮过程中得到证实,这归因于氨氧化细菌 (AOB) 的共代谢活性,特别是氨单加氧酶 (AMO)。然而,OMP 生物转化的确切机制通常是未知的。这篇批判性评论旨在从根本上和定量地评估氨氧化在废水处理过程中 OMP 生物转化中的作用。AOB 可以通过直接和间接酶促反应转化 OMP:2 OH), 亚硝酸盐 (NO 2 –) 和一氧化氮 (NO)) 可以通过硝化、羟基化和脱氨基对 OMP 进行化学转化,并且可以显着促进观察到的 OMP 转化。含有烷基、脂肪羟基、醚和硫化物官能团以及取代的芳环和芳香伯胺的 OMPs 可以通过 AMO 进行生物转化,而含有烷基、酚类、仲胺和芳香伯胺的 OMPs 可以进行非生物转化。活性氮物种。与非 AOB 优势微生物群落相比,在 AOB 优势微生物群落中获得更高的 OMP 生物转化效率和速率,尤其是在进行硝化或亚硝化作用的自养反应器中。废水处理系统中 OMP 的生物转化通常与铵(NH4 + ) 去除遵循两个中心证据线:(i) 在废水处理系统中检测到类似的转化产物(即羟基化、硝化和脱氨的 TP),就像在 AOB 纯培养物中一样。(ii)观察到不同OMP 的 OMP 生物转化(r bio,μmol/g VSS/d)与 NH 4 +去除(r NH4+,mol/g VSS/d)速率比(r bio /r NH4+)的一致性具有相似 r NH4+ 的系统和 AOB 丰度。在这篇综述中,我们得出结论,AOB 是废水处理过程中 OMP 生物转化的主要驱动因素。定量评估了生物驱动的非生物 OMP 转化的重要性,并对易受 AMO 和活性氮物种转化的功能组进行了系统分类。这一批判性审查将改进 OMP 转化的预测,并促进在废水处理过程中设计有效的 OMP 去除策略。
更新日期:2021-02-16
中文翻译:
氨氧化在废水处理过程中有机微污染物转化中的作用:来自分子、细胞和社区水平观察的见解
有机微污染物 (OMP) 对水生环境构成威胁,污水处理厂可能是 OMP 进入环境的来源或屏障。需要了解 OMP 在废水处理过程中的归宿,以建立有效的 OMP 去除策略。增强的 OMP 生物转化已在生物脱氮过程中得到证实,这归因于氨氧化细菌 (AOB) 的共代谢活性,特别是氨单加氧酶 (AMO)。然而,OMP 生物转化的确切机制通常是未知的。这篇批判性评论旨在从根本上和定量地评估氨氧化在废水处理过程中 OMP 生物转化中的作用。AOB 可以通过直接和间接酶促反应转化 OMP:2 OH), 亚硝酸盐 (NO 2 –) 和一氧化氮 (NO)) 可以通过硝化、羟基化和脱氨基对 OMP 进行化学转化,并且可以显着促进观察到的 OMP 转化。含有烷基、脂肪羟基、醚和硫化物官能团以及取代的芳环和芳香伯胺的 OMPs 可以通过 AMO 进行生物转化,而含有烷基、酚类、仲胺和芳香伯胺的 OMPs 可以进行非生物转化。活性氮物种。与非 AOB 优势微生物群落相比,在 AOB 优势微生物群落中获得更高的 OMP 生物转化效率和速率,尤其是在进行硝化或亚硝化作用的自养反应器中。废水处理系统中 OMP 的生物转化通常与铵(NH4 + ) 去除遵循两个中心证据线:(i) 在废水处理系统中检测到类似的转化产物(即羟基化、硝化和脱氨的 TP),就像在 AOB 纯培养物中一样。(ii)观察到不同OMP 的 OMP 生物转化(r bio,μmol/g VSS/d)与 NH 4 +去除(r NH4+,mol/g VSS/d)速率比(r bio /r NH4+)的一致性具有相似 r NH4+ 的系统和 AOB 丰度。在这篇综述中,我们得出结论,AOB 是废水处理过程中 OMP 生物转化的主要驱动因素。定量评估了生物驱动的非生物 OMP 转化的重要性,并对易受 AMO 和活性氮物种转化的功能组进行了系统分类。这一批判性审查将改进 OMP 转化的预测,并促进在废水处理过程中设计有效的 OMP 去除策略。