ABSTRACT

We discuss two general concepts of attention: (1) As a filter of selective attention that selects and admits channels of information from the environment to be processed; (2) as a resource to enable subsequent information processing, constrained by the individual demand of tasks, and particularly the collective demands of multiple tasks needing to be performed concurrently defining the limits of multitasking. In both concept domains we review theories and design principles, and particularly computational models of attentional process and performance outputs. In discussing the filter we consider supervisory control, noticing, visual search, and the way in which limited selective attention constrains the filter can be overcome to avail more parallel processing via techniques of display overlay and object display. In discussing the fuel for multi-tasking, we distinguish between the parallel processing supported by multiple resources, and the sequential processing and task switching required when demands are excessive.

摘要

我们讨论注意力的两个一般概念：（1）作为选择性注意力的过滤器，它从要处理的环境中选择和接受信息通道；（2）作为资源为了实现后续的信息处理，受任务的个别需求，特别是需要同时执行的多个任务的集体需求的约束，从而定义了多任务处理的限制。在这两个概念领域中，我们都会回顾理论和设计原理，尤其是注意力过程和绩效输出的计算模型。在讨论过滤器时，我们考虑了监督控制，注意，视觉搜索，以及可以通过显示覆盖和对象显示技术克服有限的选择性注意力限制过滤器的方式以利用更多并行处理的方法。在讨论用于多任务的燃料时，我们区分了多种资源支持的并行处理，以及需求过多时需要的顺序处理和任务切换。