1‐Amino‐5‐methyltetrazole in Energetic 3 d Transition Metal Complexes – Ligand Design for Future Primary Explosives,Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics

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1‐Amino‐5‐methyltetrazole in Energetic 3 d Transition Metal Complexes – Ligand Design for Future Primary Explosives
Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 , DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000179
Maximilian H. H. Wurzenberger ₁ , Michael S. Gruhne ₁ , Marcus Lommel ₁ , Jörg Stierstorfer ₁

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New lead‐free primary explosives are needed for safe future ignition and initiation applications. Especially, ignition by low‐energy laser irradiation has been demonstrated to be a valuable method. For this technology, primary explosives with safer sensitivities are needed. In order to adjust the desired properties of the neat primary explosives, we follow the concept of “energetic coordination compounds” (ECC) in which the ligand significantly alters the final properties. As the result of a study where 1‐amino‐5H‐tetrazole (1‐AT) was used as one of the most endothermic ligands, yielding materials with outstanding performance but very high sensitivities, in this work its 5‐methyl analogue 1‐amino‐5‐methyltetrazole (1‐AMT, 1) was synthesized and applied as ligand. For a short evaluation, metal perchlorate complexes [M(1‐AMT)₆](ClO₄)₂ of manganese(II), iron(II), and zinc(II) as well as [Cu(1‐AMT)₄(H₂O)](ClO₄)₂ were prepared. All compounds were intensively characterized e. g., by XRD, IR, EA, TGA, DTA as well as sensitivity measurements (impact, friction, BDIS, and ESD). The obtained materials show reduced performance but they are safer to handle than the corresponding 1‐AT derivatives. Moreover, the satisfactory performances of ECC 3 and 4 were impressively demonstrated by PETN initiation and laser ignition experiments.

中文翻译：

高能3d过渡金属配合物中的1-氨基-5-甲基四唑-未来主炸药的配体设计

为了安全的将来点火和起爆应用，需要新的无铅初级炸药。特别是，低能量激光辐照点火已被证明是一种有价值的方法。对于这种技术，需要具有更安全敏感性的初级炸药。为了调整纯净初级炸药的所需特性，我们遵循“高能配位化合物”（ECC）的概念，其中配体会显着改变最终特性。作为一项研究的结果，其中将1-氨基-5 H-四唑（1-AT）用作最吸热的配体之一，产生的材料具有出色的性能，但灵敏度很高，在这项工作中，其5-甲基类似物1-氨基-5-甲基四唑（1-AMT，1）被合成并用作配体。为了简短评估，锰（II），铁（II）和锌（II）的金属高氯酸盐络合物[M（1-AMT）₆ ]（ClO ₄）₂以及[Cu（1-AMT）₄（制备了H ₂ O）]（ClO ₄）₂。对所有化合物都进行了深入表征。例如，通过XRD，IR，EA，TGA，DTA以及灵敏度测量（冲击，摩擦，BDIS和ESD）。所获得的材料虽然性能降低，但比相应的1-AT衍生物处理起来更安全。此外，通过PETN引发和激光点火实验令人印象深刻地证明了ECC 3和ECC 4的令人满意的性能。

更新日期：2021-02-03

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