关于礼貌的发展观点：,Journal of Pragmatics

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关于礼貌的发展观点：
Journal of Pragmatics ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 1990-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/0378-2166(90)90084-q
Catherine E. Snow , Rivka Y. Perlmann , Jean Berko Gleason , Nahid Hooshyar

摘要本文解决的问题是儿童如何理解控制礼貌形式使用的社会距离、权力和强制程度三个维度。分析了来自四个不同来源的 110 个家庭的亲子互动，以确定使用标准礼貌形式（请、谢谢、借口）的相对频率，并探讨父母对孩子使用此类形式的条件。虽然在礼貌形式的使用频率上没有发现明显的社会阶层差异，但母亲在处理发育迟缓（唐氏综合症）儿童时使用的礼貌形式大约是正常发育儿童的两倍。要求孩子遵守家庭互动的基本规则是相对直接和彻底的，有时甚至是加重的。父母做到了，然而，在请求儿童的帮助时，或请求或禁止超出最低文明行为范围的活动时，要解决儿童正面和负面的面子需求。尽管我们发现很少有儿童直接接受有关礼貌系统如何运作的指导的例子，但从儿童与父母的互动中，可以获得关于使用积极和消极礼貌策略的规则的大量信息。

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Developmental perspectives on politeness:

Abstract The question addressed in this paper is how children come to understand the three dimensions of social distance, power, and degree of imposition that control the use of politeness forms. Parent-child interactions in 110 families drawn from four different sources were analyzed to determine relative frequency of use of standard politeness forms (please, thank, excuse), and to explore the conditions under which such forms are used by parents to children. Although no robust social class differences in frequency of politeness form use were found, mothers used approximately twice as many politeness forms in addressing developmentally delayed (Down Syndrome) children as normally developing children. Requests to children to observe the basic rules of family interaction were relatively direct and unmitigated, sometimes even aggravated. Parents did, however, address children's positive and negative face needs when requesting favors of them, or when requesting or prohibiting activities that fell outside the realm of minimal civilized behavior. Although we found very few instances in which children received direct instruction about how the politeness system works, ample information about the rules governing the use of both positive and negative politeness strategies is available to children from their interactions with their parents.

更新日期：1990-04-01

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