Cutibacterium acnes is a member of the skin microbiota found predominantly in regions rich in sebaceous glands. It is involved in maintaining healthy skin and has long been considered a commensal bacterium. Its involvement in various infections has led to its emergence as an opportunist pathogen. Interactions between C. acnes and the human host, including the human skin microbiota, promote the selection of C. acnes strains capable of producing several virulence factors that increase inflammatory capability. This pathogenic property may be related to many infectious mechanisms, such as an ability to form biofilms and the expression of putative virulence factors capable of triggering host immune responses or enabling C. acnes to adapt to its environment. During the past decade, many studies have identified and characterized several putative virulence factors potentially involved in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These virulence factors are involved in bacterial attachment to target cells, polysaccharide-based biofilm synthesis, molecular structures mediating inflammation, and the enzymatic degradation of host tissues. C. acnes, like other skin-associated bacteria, can colonize various ecological niches other than skin. It produces several proteins or glycoproteins that could be considered to be active virulence factors, enabling the bacterium to adapt to the lipophilic environment of the pilosebaceous unit of the skin, but also to the various organs it colonizes. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning characterized C. acnes virulence factors and their possible implication in the pathogenicity of C. acnes.

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痤疮皮肤杆菌作为机会病原体：其毒力相关因素的更新

痤疮皮肤杆菌是皮肤微生物群的一员，主要存在于皮脂腺丰富的区域。它参与维持皮肤健康，长期以来被认为是一种共生细菌。它参与各种感染，导致其作为机会病原体出现。痤疮丙酸杆菌与人类宿主（包括人类皮肤微生物群）之间的相互作用促进了能够产生多种增加炎症能力的毒力因子的痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株的选择。这种致病特性可能与许多感染机制有关，例如形成生物膜的能力和能够触发宿主免疫反应或使痤疮丙酸杆菌适应其环境的假定毒力因子的表达。在过去的十年中，许多研究已经确定并表征了可能与该细菌的致病性有关的几种假定的毒力因子。这些毒力因子参与细菌对靶细胞的附着、基于多糖的生物膜合成、介导炎症的分子结构以及宿主组织的酶促降解。痤疮丙酸杆菌与其他皮肤相关细菌一样，可以在皮肤以外的各种生态位中定殖。它产生多种蛋白质或糖蛋白，这些蛋白质或糖蛋白可被认为是活性毒力因子，使细菌能够适应皮肤毛囊皮脂腺单位的亲脂环境，也适应其定殖的各种器官。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关痤疮丙酸杆菌毒力因子特征及其对痤疮丙酸杆菌致病性的可能影响的当前知识。