Purpose of Review

The Arctic has experienced the most rapid change in climate of anywhere on Earth, and these changes are certain to drive changes in the carbon budget of the Arctic as vegetation changes, soils warm, fires become more frequent, and wetlands evolve as permafrost thaws. In this study, we review the extensive evidence for Arctic climate change and effects on the carbon cycle. In addition, we re-evaluate some of the observational evidence for changing Arctic carbon budgets.

Recent Findings

Observations suggest a more active CO2 cycle in high northern latitude ecosystems. Evidence points to increased uptake by boreal forests and Arctic ecosystems, as well as increasing respiration, especially in autumn. However, there is currently no strong evidence of increased CH4 emissions.

Summary

Long-term observations using both bottom-up (e.g., flux) and top-down (atmospheric abundance) approaches are essential for understanding changing carbon cycle budgets. Consideration of atmospheric transport is critical for interpretation of top-down observations of atmospheric carbon.

中文翻译：

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北极碳循环及其对气候变化的响应

审查目的

北极经历了地球上任何地方最快速的气候变化，随着植被变化、土壤变暖、火灾变得更加频繁以及湿地随着永久冻土融化而演变，这些变化肯定会推动北极碳预算的变化。在这项研究中，我们回顾了北极气候变化及其对碳循环影响的大量证据。此外，我们重新评估了一些改变北极碳预算的观测证据。

最近的发现

观察表明，北高纬度生态系统中的二氧化碳循环更加活跃。有证据表明，北方森林和北极生态系统的吸收量增加，呼吸作用也增加，尤其是在秋季。然而，目前没有强有力的证据表明 CH4 排放量有所增加。

概括

使用自下而上（例如通量）和自上而下（大气丰度）方法的长期观测对于了解不断变化的碳循环预算至关重要。考虑大气传输对于解释大气碳自上而下的观测至关重要。