Chemical Engineering Journal ( IF 13.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.128697 Gang Zhao , Ping Yin , Richard Staples , Jean'ne M. Shreeve
RDX is used widely as a practical secondary explosive for civilian and military applications because of its high chemical stability and explosive power. However, a major shortcoming of RDX is its high sensitivity which leads to numerous accidents by accidental initiation. One of the major challenges in worldwide energetic materials research is the design and synthesis of insensitive high performing explosives. In this work, N,N′-bis((1H-tetrazol-5-yl)methyl)nitramide (BTMNA) (Mitchell et al., 2017) is obtained by a one-step reaction in >90 yield. The structure of BTMNA was confirmed by elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction. As a result of hydrogen bonding, the crystal density of BTMNA is 1.822 g/cm3 at 100 K. The thermal decomposition temperature is 198 °C, and the impact and friction sensitivities are remarkable at 30 J, and 360 N. BTMNA, in its role as an insensitive RDX alternative, has a detonation velocity and pressure of 8732 m/s and 29.4 GPa, respectfully, thus making it a practical replacement for RDX.
中文翻译:
一步合成不敏感的炸药:N,N'-双((1 H-四唑-5-基)甲基)硝酰胺(BTMNA)
RDX具有高化学稳定性和爆炸力,因此被广泛用作民用和军用的实用二次炸药。但是,RDX的主要缺点是灵敏度高,会因意外启动而导致大量事故。全球高能材料研究的主要挑战之一是不敏感的高性能炸药的设计和合成。在这项工作中,一步式反应以> 90的收率获得了N,N'-双((1 H-四唑-5-基)甲基)硝酰胺(BTMNA)(Mitchell等人,2017)。通过元素分析和X射线单晶衍射证实了BTMNA的结构。氢键结的结果,BTMNA的晶体密度为1.822 g / cm 3 在100 K时,热分解温度为198°C,在30 J和360 N时,冲击和摩擦敏感性显着。BTMNA作为不敏感的RDX替代品,起爆速度和压力为8732 m / s和29.4 GPa,分别使其成为RDX的实用替代品。